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Week 12: Gastrointestinal > 12.6 Histology: Gastrointestinal histology > Flashcards

12.6 Histology: Gastrointestinal histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the GIT? (4)

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

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2
Q

What is the mucosa supported by? What forms the boundary of mucosa?

A

Lamina propria (connective tissue layer containing nerves and blood vessels)

Muscularis mucosae forms the boundary

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3
Q

What type of tissue is the submucosa? What does it do?

A

Dense, irregular connective tissue

Provides strength and elasticity

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4
Q

What are the two layers of the muscularis externa?

A

Smooth muscle:

Inner: circumferential

Outer: longitudinal

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5
Q

What is the epithelium of the serosa? Why?

A

Simple squamous to provide a non-stick surface

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6
Q

What is the enteric nervous system responsible for? (3)

A

Mixing, peristalsis and secretion

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7
Q

Where do the enteric nerve plexuses lie? (2)

A

Myenteric: between longitudinal and circular

Submucous: lies in the submucosa

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8
Q

What type of epithelium exists in the esophagus?

Are there glands?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

Submucosal glands (lubrication)

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9
Q

What are the only parts of the GIT that have smooth muscle in them?

A

Muscular externa (esophagus)

Anal sphincter

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10
Q

What type of muscle are the three layers of the esophagus comprised of?

A

Top third: skeletal
Middle: mixed
Bottom third: smooth

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11
Q

What controls release of material into intestine?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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12
Q

What is the function of the stomach (2)?

What does it do minimally?

A 
Initiate digestion (PRO)
Chyme: production/regulation

(minimal absorption)

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13
Q

What is the epithelium of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar secretory epithelium

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14
Q

What is the inner surface of the stomach like?

A

Low folds, rugae: contains gastric pits–>glands

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15
Q

What kind of glands are gastric glands?

What gives rise to these?

A

Simple tubular glands (into LP)

Gastric pit gives rise to 3-5 GGs

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16
Q

What are some cells in the gastric gland? (4)

What do they produce?

A

Regenerative cells:neck
Mucous neck cell (mucus)
Parietal cell (HCl)
Chief cell (pepsinogen): base

17
Q

What is the role of pepsin?

A

Protein breakdown–>peptides and amino acid

18
Q

How is pepsinogen activated?

A

Acid environment cleaves pepsinogen to pepsin

19
Q

What type of epithelium exists on the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

20
Q

Where are villi present? What does the base give rise to?

A

Villi: on transverse folds (plica circulares)

Base of villi: tubular glands (Crypts of Leiberkuhn)

21
Q

Which cells in the small intestine have microvilli?

A

All columnar epithelium except goblet cells)

22
Q

How is surface area increased in the small intestine?

A

Plica circulares: 2-3x
Villi: 10x
Microvilli: 20x

23
Q

What are the Crypts of Leiberkuhn? What do they do?

A

Penetrate into LP (small intestine)

Secrete mucus (Goblet cells on villi) and fluid

Contain stem cells

24
Q

What does the lamina propria in the small intestine contain? Where does it run?

A

MM, BV, lymph, immune cells

Extends into core of each villus

25
Q

What is the surface of the duodenum like?

Are there glands?

A

Low plica circulares, fewer goblet cells

Brunner’s glands in submucosa (release alkalising mucus)

26
Q

What are 4 differences between the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum:
More plica, short vili
Goblet cells

Ileum:
Smallest villi
Payer’s patches

27
Q

What does the small intestine do? (3)

A

Digests
Secretes fluid
Absorbs (8.5L)

28
Q

What does the large intestine consist of?

What does it do?

A

Appendix, colon, rectum and anus

Compacts feces, recovers water/electrolytes

29
Q

What is the muscle in the colon like?

What is the surface like?

Is there glands?

A

Longitudinal muscle in three strips (taenia coli)

Smooth surface

Tubular glands

30
Q

How much water and electrolytes are recovered/lost in faeces?

A

Recovered: 400mL
Lost: 100mL/day

Week 12: Gastrointestinal (10 decks)

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