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Bio Exam 4 > 12.6 > Flashcards

12.6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is endocrine system

A

Made of glands that secrete hormones

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2
Q

What are endocrine glands and how do they function

A

ductless glands that secrete hormone directly into blood flow

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3
Q

how do hormones work

A

Only influence and affect specific target cells by binding with specific molecule receptor on membrane surface of target cells.

Produce specific responses

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4
Q

List endocrine glands

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary glands
Thyroid glands
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovary
testis

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5
Q

Main gland in endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland

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6
Q

Two lobes of pituitary glands

A

anterior lobe
posterior lobe

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7
Q

Posterior lobe secrets what hormones

A

Antidiuretic (ADH)
Oxytocin

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8
Q

Antidiuretic (ADH) target and function

A

Kidney tubule
Stimulates reabsorption of water

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9
Q

Oxytocin target and function

A

Uterine muscle - stimulate contraction of uterine muscles during birth

Mammary glands - stimulates production of milk from mammary glands

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10
Q

Hormones released by anterior lobe

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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11
Q

Luteinizing hormone target and function

A

Ovary - Stimulates ovulation, development of corpus luteum, and secretion of oestrogen and progesterone

Testis - Stimulates secretion of testosterone

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12
Q

Growth hormone target and function

A

Soft tissue, bone - Stimulate growth protein synthesis and fat metabolism

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13
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) target and function

A

Adrenal cortex - stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete hormones

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14
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone target and function

A

Thyroid gland - Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxine

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15
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

Ovary - stimulates development of follicles in ovary
Testis - stimulates spermatogenesis

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16
Q

What are stimulating hormones and give examples

A

Hormone that regulate secretion of other hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone

17
Q

Hormones that directly target organs

A

Growth hormone
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

18
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Secrets gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH into blood

19
Q

Adrenal gland hormone target and function

A

Aldosterone
Kidney
Increase reabsorption of salt in kidneys

Adrenaline
Muscle tissues, liver and heart
Increase level of sugar and fatty acid in blood
Increase respiratory rate and heartbeat
Increase rate of metabolism and contract blod vessels

20
Q

Thyroid gland hormone target and function

A

Thyroxine
All tissues
Increase metabolism rate
Increase body temp
Regulate growth and development

21
Q

Pancreas hormone target and function

A

Insulin
Liver muscle and adipose tissue
Reduces blood glucose level
Promote conversion of excess glucose to glycogen

Glucagon
Liver muscle and adipose tissue
increase blood glucose level
Promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose

22
Q

Testis hormone target and function

A

Testosterone
Gonad, skin, muscles and bones
Stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristic in male
Spermatogenesis

23
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

the production of sperm from the primordial germ cells

24
Q

ovary hormone target and function

A

Oestrogen
Gonad skin muscles and bones
Stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristic in female and maturity of follicles
Repairs and stimulates thickening of uterus wall

Progesterone
Gonad
Stimulates development of uterus walls and formation of placenta

25
Q

What happens in endocrine system during fight or flight situation

A

Hypothalamus - via nerve impulse
Adrenal medulla - Adrenal medulla cells
Secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline
Increase in:
Heart rate respiratory rate blood pressure blood glucose level metabolic activity

26
Q

Similarities between Nervous and endocrine system

A

Contains target tissues or organ
Produce response to stimulus
Regulate all activities of body

27
Q

Difference between nervous and endocrine system

A

Thing - Nervous - Endocrine

Duration - Short effect - Long effect

Made up - network of millions of neurone - ductless endocrine glands

Signals - electrical impulses through neurones - organic chemical substances (hormone) through blood blood flow

Response speed - quick and immediate - slow and prolonged

Response of - an organ - several organs

28
Q

Key function of endocrine system

A

maintaining homeostasis of body

Bio Exam 4 (8 decks)

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