12.6 Flashcards
What is endocrine system
Made of glands that secrete hormones
What are endocrine glands and how do they function
ductless glands that secrete hormone directly into blood flow
how do hormones work
Only influence and affect specific target cells by binding with specific molecule receptor on membrane surface of target cells.
Produce specific responses
List endocrine glands
Hypothalamus
Pituitary glands
Thyroid glands
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Ovary
testis
Main gland in endocrine system
Pituitary gland
Two lobes of pituitary glands
anterior lobe
posterior lobe
Posterior lobe secrets what hormones
Antidiuretic (ADH)
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic (ADH) target and function
Kidney tubule
Stimulates reabsorption of water
Oxytocin target and function
Uterine muscle - stimulate contraction of uterine muscles during birth
Mammary glands - stimulates production of milk from mammary glands
Hormones released by anterior lobe
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone target and function
Ovary - Stimulates ovulation, development of corpus luteum, and secretion of oestrogen and progesterone
Testis - Stimulates secretion of testosterone
Growth hormone target and function
Soft tissue, bone - Stimulate growth protein synthesis and fat metabolism
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) target and function
Adrenal cortex - stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone target and function
Thyroid gland - Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxine
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Ovary - stimulates development of follicles in ovary
Testis - stimulates spermatogenesis
What are stimulating hormones and give examples
Hormone that regulate secretion of other hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone
Hormones that directly target organs
Growth hormone
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Function of hypothalamus
Secrets gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) which stimulates pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH into blood
Adrenal gland hormone target and function
Aldosterone
Kidney
Increase reabsorption of salt in kidneys
Adrenaline
Muscle tissues, liver and heart
Increase level of sugar and fatty acid in blood
Increase respiratory rate and heartbeat
Increase rate of metabolism and contract blod vessels
Thyroid gland hormone target and function
Thyroxine
All tissues
Increase metabolism rate
Increase body temp
Regulate growth and development
Pancreas hormone target and function
Insulin
Liver muscle and adipose tissue
Reduces blood glucose level
Promote conversion of excess glucose to glycogen
Glucagon
Liver muscle and adipose tissue
increase blood glucose level
Promotes conversion of glycogen to glucose
Testis hormone target and function
Testosterone
Gonad, skin, muscles and bones
Stimulates the development of secondary sexual characteristic in male
Spermatogenesis
What is spermatogenesis
the production of sperm from the primordial germ cells
ovary hormone target and function
Oestrogen
Gonad skin muscles and bones
Stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristic in female and maturity of follicles
Repairs and stimulates thickening of uterus wall
Progesterone
Gonad
Stimulates development of uterus walls and formation of placenta
What happens in endocrine system during fight or flight situation
Hypothalamus - via nerve impulse
Adrenal medulla - Adrenal medulla cells
Secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline
Increase in:
Heart rate respiratory rate blood pressure blood glucose level metabolic activity
Similarities between Nervous and endocrine system
Contains target tissues or organ
Produce response to stimulus
Regulate all activities of body
Difference between nervous and endocrine system
Thing - Nervous - Endocrine
Duration - Short effect - Long effect
Made up - network of millions of neurone - ductless endocrine glands
Signals - electrical impulses through neurones - organic chemical substances (hormone) through blood blood flow
Response speed - quick and immediate - slow and prolonged
Response of - an organ - several organs
Key function of endocrine system
maintaining homeostasis of body
