11.2 - 11.4 Flashcards
Actions of antibodies
Agglutination
neutralization
Precipitation
Opsonization
Lysis
Agglutination
coagulates pathogens making them easier targets to phagocytes
Neutralization
Bind and neutralize toxins produced by bacteria
Precipitation
React with dissolved antigens to form insoluble complex that is easily destroyed by phagocytes
opsonisation
combine with antigen and act as a marker for phagocytes to recognise
lysis
Combine with antigen which break down and decompose bacteria
2 types of immunity
Active and passive immunity
Type of active and passive immunity
Natural and artificial
What is active immunity
Antibodies produced naturally by lymphocytes and remain for long period of time
Difference between natural and artificial active immunity
Natural immunity comes after getting infected by pathogen which will produce and store memory cells
Artificial immunity comes from vaccine which contain dead, weakened or non-virulent pathogen which will produce and store memory cells
Difference between natural and artificial passive immunity
Natural immunity acquired by foetus through breast feeding and antibody diffusion through placenta
Artificial immunity acquired through antiserum injection or serum containing specific antibodies
Example of uses of antiserum
anti-rabies (antitetanus)
antiserum for poisonous snakes
Difference between artificial active and passive immunity
Vaccine - antiserum
prevention - treatment or immediate protection
no immediate protection - immediate protection
long immunity - temporary immunity
Administered before infection - administered if high risk of infection or immediately after being infected
Antibodies from lymphocytes - antibodies from antiserum
Booster dose given to boost level of antibodies above level of immunity - Booster dose given when antibody level drops below level of immunity and still infected
What is the health issue
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
What causes AIDS
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
