11.1 Flashcards
What is immunity
Body’s ability to fight infection caused by pathogen or foreign object
What defines a first line of defence
defense that prevents pathogens from entering the body
State the first line defenses
Lysozyme
Mucous membrane
Mechanism of blood clotting
Hydrochloric acid
Skin
Lysozyme what is it location and function
Nasal, Mucus, Saliva
antimicrobial protein
Destroy some bacteria
Mucous membrane what is it location and function
Respiratory tract
Sticky fluid (Mucus) which contains lysozyme
Destroy bacteria found in air
Mechanism of blood clotting function
Prevents bacteria from entering wounds
HCL acid function and location
Stomach
destroy bacteria present in food and drinks
Skin unique characteristics
Physical defense
Shedding of dead cell and secretion of sebum (oil and acid) avoid microorganism growth
Secretes sweat which contain lysozyme
State the second line of defense
fever
phagocytosis
inflammation
State the phagocytes
Neutrophils and monocytes
What is phagocytosis
Process where microorganisms or other parties are trapped and digested by phagocytes
Describe the flow of phagocytosis
Phagocyte extend pseudopodium and envelop bacteria
Phagosome forms
Lysosome secrete lysozyme into phagosome
Bacterium is destroyed by lysozyme
Phagocytes expel remains out of cell
Symptoms of inflammation
redness swelling and pain
what is inflammation
immediate response that neutralizes harmful actions of microorganisms and toxins at early stages of infection
Describe flow of inflammation
Damaged tissue release histamine
Histamine causes:
Expanded blood capillaries (increased blood flow)
Increases permeability to phagocytes
Phagocytes and clotting factors to accumulate in infected area
Blood clotting mechanism is triggered
Phagocytes do phagocytosis
