12.1 - 12.2 Flashcards
Types of stimulus
External and internal
Describe the flow of what hapens after a stimulus
stimulus - receptor - nerve impulse - brain - impulse - motor neurone - effector - response
What is external stimuli
Stimuli from external environment
What is internal stimuli give examples
Stimuli from internal environment
Blood osmotic pressure
Blood sugar level
Body temperature
What are receptors
Sensory cells that detect stimulus and convert them into nerve impulses
What is brain
The integration centre that translate nerve impulses and coordinates an appropriate response
What is a response
a reaction after detecting stimulis
What is an effector
Part of body that response to stimulus
Sensory receptors and their stimulus
Photoreceptor - Light
Thermoreceptor - Change in Temp
Chemoreceptor - Change in Chem substance
Baroreceptor - Change in Pressure
Mechanoreceptor - Touch and pressure
Nociceptor - pain
What is the nervous system
network of nerve cells or neurones
Two main subsytems of nervous systems
central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system consists of?
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system consists of?
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Main components of the brain
Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pituitary gland
Cerebrum characteristics and function
Complex - Largest most complex structure in frontal part of brain
Folded - Folded surface to increase surface area and hold more nerves
Controls - Emotion hearing sight personality and controlled actions
Information flow
Receptor - analyzed integrated and correlated producing sensory perception - response determined - effector
Higher mental abilities - learning memorising linguistic and mathematical skills
Cerebellum function
Maintains;
Body balance
Coordination of muscle contractions for body movement
Hypothalamus
Coordinate homeostasis
Regulates body temperature, water balance, blood pressure
Senses hunger thirst and fatigue
Connects nervous system to endocrine system via pituitary gland
Controls secretion of few pituitary gland hormones
Pituitary glands
Main gland in endocrine system
Secretes hormones that control the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands
Medulla Oblongata
Controls involuntary actions
such as breathing heartbeat blood pressure vomitting etc
Location of brain components
Remember the photo but to put in words
Cerebrum - big top part
Spinal cord - the stick at the bottom
Medulla oblongata - bulge at the spinal cord stick on the left
Cerebellum - under the flower/fungus looking stuff
Pituitary gland - The thing that looks like balls on the left bottom connected to the spinal cord
Hypothalamus - above the balls
Function of spinal cord
Process - few types of sensory information
Send - responses through motor neurons
Control - reflex action
Connect- brain with peripheral nervous system
Spinal cord contains what matter
Grey and white matter
Grey matter location and contents
In the butterfly looking thing
Cell bodies
White matter location and consists of
Surrounds grey matter
Axons covered in myelin sheath
Spinal nerve consists of
Sensory and motor neurone
Ventral root contains and function and location
Motor neurone
Send nerve impulses from spinal cord to effector
The bottom tube thing
Dorsal root contains and function and location
Axon of sensory neurones
Send nerve impulse from receptor to spinal cord
The top tube thing
Dorsal root ganglion contains and location
Clustered Sensory neurones cell bodies
Bulge in top tube
Peripheral nervous system consists of
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic system regulates?
Controlled actions
Autonomic nervous system controls?
involuntary actions
Function of peripheral nervous system
Connect sensory receptors and effectors to central nervous system
