12.1 Gynaecological Tumours Flashcards
What is cervical intraepthelial neoplasia?
Dysplasia of squamous cells (usually induced by HPV)
Where can cervical carcinoma spread to?
Bladder, ureters, rectum, vagina
Paracervical, pelvic and paraaortic nodes
How is cervical carcinoma treated?
Microinvasive - excision
Invasive - hysterectomy, lymph node dissection, (radio/chemotherapy)
What is a potential precursor to endometrial adenocarcinoma and what causes it?
Endometrial hyperplasia - caused by: anovulation, oestrogen from adipose, exogenous oestrogen
What are the two types of endometrial adenocarcinoma and how do they spread?
Endometrioid - Myometrial invasion
Serous carcinoma - Through fallopian tubes to peritoneum
What is a benign tumour of the myometrium called?
Fibroid (leiomyoma)
What is a malignant tumour of the myometrium called?
Leimyosarcoma (doesn’t form from leiomyoma)
Where can ovarian tumours arise from?
Mullerian epithelium
Germ cells
Sex cord - stromal cells
Metasteses
What are the different types of ovarian mullerian epithelium tumours?
Serous
Mucinous
Endometrioid
What are risk factors for ovarian epithelial tumours?
No children, no OCP
BRCA
Smoking
What are the types of teratoma and which is most invasive?
Mature (benign)
Immature - invasive
Monodermal
What are the two types of monodermal teratoma and what do they produce?
Struma ovarii - thyroxine
Carcinoid - 5HT
What are the sex cord/stromal tumours and which cause feminising and masculanising features?
Granulosa/theca - feminising
Leydig - Masculanising
Which tumours can spread to the ovaries?
Uterus Fallopian tubes Contralateral ovary - due to seed and soil Pelvic peritoneum Krunkenburg tumours (from GI)
What is dysplasia of the vulva?
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (squamous neoplastic lesions)
