07.2 Contraception and Infertility Flashcards
What are the main categories in terms of contraception methods?
Natural Prevent sperm from entering ejaculate Prevent sperm reaching the cervix Inhibit sperm passing through the cervix Inhibit transport along the fallopian tubes Prevent ovulation Inhibit implantation
What are natural methods of contraception?
Abstinence Calendar method (avoid days 7-16) Coitus interruptus
How do you prevent sperm entering the ejaculate?
Vasectomy
How do you prevent sperm reaching the cervix?
Barrier
Cervical cap
Diaphragm
How is sperm inhibited from going through the cervix?
Combined pill
Progesterone pill
How does progesterone or the combined pill prevent sperm going through the cervix?
Mucus becomes more acidic
How do you inhibit transport along the fallopian tubes?
Occlude tubes
Clips/ligation
How do you prevent ovulation?
Depot progesterone
Implant
Combined pill
How is implantation inhibited?
Post coital high dose oestrogen/progesterone
IUD - copper/mirena
Define infertility
Failure to conceive within 1 year
What is primary infertility?
Failure to conceive with no previous pregnancy
What is secondary infertility?
Failure to conceive but with a previous pregnancy (successful or not)
What are some male coital problems that lead to infertility?
Psychological
Tears in corpus cavernosus
Vascular (diabetes)
Drugs
What are some female coital problems that lead to infertility?
Psychological
Vaginismus
What can cause tubal occlusion in females?
Scarring from infection (PiD)
