1.2 Muscular Anatomy

Question 1

Characteristics common to muscle tissue

Answer 1

Contractility, extensibility, elasticity,

atrophy, hypertrophy, controlled by nerve stimuli, fed by capillaries

Question 2

Contractility

Answer 2

Ability of muscle to contract and generate force

Question 3

Extensibility

Answer 3

Ability of muscle to be stretched beyond its normal resting length

Question 4

Elasticity

Answer 4

Ability of muscle to return to its original resting length after stretch is removed

Question 5

Atrophy

Answer 5

Decrease in muscle mass (due to decrease in number of myofibrils)

Question 6

Hypertrophy

Answer 6

Increase in muscle mass (due to increase in number of myofibrils)

Question 7

Fed by capillaries

Answer 7

Provide the muscle with oxygen, nutrients and calcium; remove waste products

Question 8

Types of muscle

Answer 8

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 9

Skeletal

Answer 9

Under voluntary control; striated appearance

Has tendons (attach bone to muscle)
Main function of skeletal muscle = move the skeleton

Question 10

Cardiac

Answer 10

(heart muscle)

Under involuntary control; striated appearance

Question 11

Smooth

Answer 11

Under involuntary control; not striated appearance

Lines the walls of blood vessels + hollow organs
e.g. stomach, intestines

Question 12

Striated

Answer 12

Alternating dark and light bands that are visible when seen under a microscope (due to myofibrils)

Question 13

Voluntary control

Answer 13

Contracts with the individual consciously thinking about it (controlled by nerve stimuli - operated by somatic nervous system)

Question 14

Involuntary control

Answer 14

Contracts without the individual consciously thinking about it (controlled by nerve stimuli - operated by automatic nervous system)

Question 15

Structure of skeletal muscle

Answer 15

Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium,
Muscle fibre, myofibril, sarcomere,
Actin and myosin

Question 16

Origin and insertion of muscles

Answer 16

Origin: the attachment of a muscle tendon to a
stationary bone
Insertion: the attachment of a muscle tendon to a
moveable bone

Question 17

Location of skeletal muscles - the anterior

Answer 17

Deltoid, pectoralis, biceps brachii
Abdominus rectus, external obliques
Iliopsoas, sartorius
Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis)
Tibialis anterior

Question 18

Location of skeletal muscles - the posterior

Answer 18

Trapezius, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii,
Erector spinae
Gluteus maximus
Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimembranosus)
Gastronemius, soleus

Question 19

Controlled by nerve stimuli

Answer 19

Nerves (motor neurons) bring impulses from the central nervous system to the muscle
Neurons release neurotransmitters into the blood which stimulate the muscle to contract and produce force

Question 20

Epimysium

Answer 20

Fascia (a band/sheet of connective tissue fibers); outer layer which covers the entire muscle

Question 21

Perimysium

Answer 21

Fascia (a band/sheet of connective tissue fibres); surrounds bundles of muscle fibres or fascicles

Fascicles (bundle of skeletal muscle fibres) are long, cylindrical and vary in length

Question 22

Endomysium

Answer 22

Fascia (a band/sheet of connective tissue fibres); surrounds the individual muscle fibres

Question 23

Muscle fibre

Answer 23

Type of cell found in muscle tissue; long, tubular cells

Question 24

Myofibril

Answer 24

Long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin

Question 25

Sacromere

Answer 25

The contractile unit of a myofibril

Question 26

Actin, Myosin

Answer 26

Contractile proteins responsible for movement