1.2 - History

Question 1

The core concepts of quality control can be traced as far as the ___________ times where stringent product quality standards were developed by craftsmen associations

Answer 1

medieval

Question 2

Quality check was done through ______ and _______ and defective products were either removed or redone.

Answer 2

audits; inspections

Question 3

Prominent names who pioneered total quality management techniques include:

Answer 3

• Dr. Walter A. Shewhart
• Dr. Bradley E. Copeland
• Dr. S. Levey and Dr. E. Jennings
• James Westgard
• Philip Crosby
• Dr. William Edwards Deming
• Joseph Juran

Question 4

History of Quality: Who?

• introduced statistics in evaluating quality control in the manufacturing process
• His work focused on reducing variation in manufacturing process.
• He was recognized as the creator of statistical quality control (SQC) and also created the “Shewhart Cycle” or “Plan-Do-Check- Act or PDCA cycle.

Answer 4

Dr. Walter A. Shewhart

Question 5

History of Quality: Who?

• developed a quality assurance program for the College of American Pathologists (CAP) which addressed non-comparable laboratory results
• He wrote the first manual on quality control for CAP and was responsible for its implementation in a number of laboratories accredited by CAP.
• He had great influence in standardization of laboratory methods.
• He further recognized the importance and utility of standard deviation in clinical chemistry and the two components of reliability which are accuracy and precision.

Answer 5

Dr. Bradley E. Copeland

Question 6

History of Quality: Who?

• introduced the SQC or Shewhart’s charts in medical laboratories.
• They created the L-J (Levey-Jennings) chart still used at the present.

Answer 6

Dr. S. Levey and Dr. E. Jennings

Question 7

History of Quality: Who?

• applied the Shewhart’s multirule system to the evaluation of the quality control data in the laboratory.
• He created several control rules for evaluating the L-J graph known as the “Westgard Rules”
• “Those who don’t learn from the
  past are condemned to repeat it.
  That saying is as applicable to QC
  practices as it is to the lessons of
  history”

Answer 7

James Westgard

Question 8

History of Quality: Who?

• was referred to as the evangelist of quality management.
• He preached the need for quality practices in his book “Quality is Free” (poor quality is expensive). The book has been credited with playing a large part in the beginning the quality revolution in the United States and Europe.
• He promoted the concept of “zero defects” (zero defect is the only legitimate goal of a quality program), of doing things right the first time.
• He is recognized for defining quality as conformance to requirements.

Answer 8

Philip Crosby

Question 9

History of Quality: Who?

• was credited with providing the Japanese the information and training that brought them to their position as the world leader
  in the production of quality products.
• He introduced the use of statistical tools in decision making, problem solving and troubleshooting in the production process.
• He is one of the significant contributors of concepts and methods contained in the TQM model. The need for a working understanding of basic
  statistical principles is at the heart of Deming’s teaching.

Answer 9

Dr. William Edwards Deming

Question 10

History of Quality: Who?

• established the concept that quality is a continuous improvement process that requires a manager’s active pursuit in reaching and setting goals.
• He is often hailed as the “father of quality”.
• His management approach is based on three key principles.
• The first principle he introduced was the pareto principle or the 80/20 rule which states that 80% of serious problems arise from only 20% of the causes or trouble points.
• The second principle is his
  approach to quality management theory. This involves a change of thinking away from mere focus on the quality of the end product, to a wider examination of the human dimension of quality management. - Education and training for managers in the workplace is as important.
• _____’s management theory was fundamental in expanding quality management principles beyond the factory floor to principles that could also be applied to service-related
  processes.
• He promoted the need for participatory management style.
• The final principle consists of three processes often known collectively as the Juran Trilogy. These three elements are quality planning (the design stage), quality control (ongoing inspections to ensure that processes are in control) and quality improvement (including proactive refinement of processes to improve processes).

Answer 10

Joseph Juran; Juran