12 Gait and Movement Analysis Flashcards
Percentage in stance and swing
Stance 62%
Swing 38%
Weight acceptance components
Initial contact
Loading response
Single limb support components
Mid-stance
Terminal stance
Swing limb advancement components
Pre-swing
Initial swing
Mid-swing
Terminal swing
Weight acceptance functional tasks
Forward progression
Stability
Shock absorption
Single limb support functional tasks
Stability
Forward progression
Swing limb advancement functional tasks
Foot clearance
Limb advancement
Initial contact kinematics
Hip: 20 deg flex, extensors
Knee: 5 deg flex, quads
Ankle: 0, tib A and long toe extensors
Loading response kinematics
Hip: 20 deg flex, extensors and abductors
Knee: 15 deg flex, quads
Ankle: 5 deg PF, tib A, long toe extensors
Mid-stance kinematics
Hip: 0, abductors
Knee: 5 deg flex, quads (initially, then passive)
Ankle: 5 deg DF, PF (eccentric)
Terminal stance kinematics
Hip: 20 deg ext, passive
Knee: 5 deg flex, passive
Ankle: 10 deg DF, PF
Pre-swing kinematics
Hip: 10 deg ext, adductors
Knee: 40 deg flex, passive
Ankle: 15 deg PF, passive
Initial swing kinematics
Hip: 15 deg flex, flexors
Knee: 60 deg flex, hamstrings
Ankle: 5 deg PF, tib A, long toe extensors
Mid-swing kinematics
Hip: 25 deg flex, flexors, then hamstrings (eccentric)
Knee: 25 deg flex, hamstrings (eccentric)
Ankle: 0, tib A, long toe extensors
Terminal swing kinematics
Hip: 20 deg flex, hamstrings (eccentric)
Knee: 5 deg flex, quads
Ankle: 0, tib A, long toe extensors
Energy conservation in gait
Minimal movement of center of gravity
Smooth transitions of center of mass (heel, ankle, and forefoot rockers)
Trailing limb posture
Absent heel strike at IC
Excessive knee flex in TSw (quad weak, hams spasticity)
Excess PF in Tsw (PF spasticity, DF weakness)
Heel pain
Foot slap at loading response
DF weakness
Excessive knee flexion/buckling in loading response
Quad weakness
Hamstring spasticity
Excess PF mid and terminal stance
PF contracture
PF spasticity
Quad weakness
Early heel rise in mid-stance
PF spasticity
Heel pain
Secondary to excess knee flexion
Excess DF in mid and terminal stance
PF weakness
Knee or hip flexor contractures
Crouched gait
Absent heel rise in mid and terminal stance
PF weakness
Knee hyperextension in mid and terminal stance
PF weakness PF contracture Hip extensor weakness Quad weakness Quad spasticity Impaired proprioception
Excess knee flexion/buckling in mid and terminal stance
Hamstring contracture Hamstring spasticity Quad weakness Excess DF Knee pain
Limited hip extension in mid and terminal stance
Hip flexor contracture
Hip flexor spasticity
Hip extensor weakness
Hip external rotation in mid and terminal stance
Limited ankle DF mobility
Decreased foot clearance in swing
Limited hip/knee flexion or excess PF
Impaired proprioception
Circumduction in swing
Hip flexor weakness
DF weakness
Hip hiking in swing
Compensation for lack of knee flexion and/or DF to clear foot
Past-retract in swing
Impaired motor control (unable to extend knee with hip flexed)
Compensation to achieve knee stability during loading response
Hip adduction/scissoring in swing
Adductor spasticity
Contralateral abductor weakness (hip drop)
Excess hip and knee flexion in swing (steppage)
DF weakness
PF spasticity
