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FOM Quiz 8 > 12/3 Histo of Skin > Flashcards

12/3 Histo of Skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the layers of the skin from the superficial to the deep?

A

Epidermis; dermis; hypodermis

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2
Q

What is contained in the Epidermis

A

The Stratum: Corneum, (Lucidum), Granulosum, Spinosum. (Luc. is in Thick skin)

Keratinocytes; Langerhans cells; Melanocytes; Merkel Cells.

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3
Q

What is contained in the Dermis

A

Layers: Papillary layer (Dermal Papillae); Reticular Layer.

Hiar follicle: Root hair plexus; Hair root, hair shaft, Sebaceous gland, Arrector pili muslce

Sweat Glands: Eccrine sweat gland; Apocrine Sweat gland.

Vessels!

Corpuslces: Miesner and Painian

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4
Q

What is contained in the Hypodermis?

A

Sweat Glands: Eccrine and Apocrine

Vessels: Cutaneous vessels

Pacinian Corpuscle

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5
Q

What are the main functions of skin?

A

Protection; Prevent dehydration; temperature regualtion; synthesis of viamin D3 and Sensory receptioin.

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6
Q

How is the skin a protection?

A

physical and chemical barrier against pathogen entry. initiate immune response(capture and present atigens, release cytokines). Prevent UV damage.

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7
Q

where would Thick skin be found in the body?

A

thick is called glabrous skin and found on hands (palms) soles, thick epidermis.

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8
Q

Where would thin skin be found?

A

Hairy skin is everywhere else that isn’t the palms, soles.

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9
Q

what is the difference in thick and thin skin

A

Thick has a thick epidermis and Thin has a thin epidermis and no stratum lucidum.

the stratum granulosum is thin and the tratum corneum is thin.

But thin skin does have hairs, sebaceuos and eccrine glands.

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10
Q

what is a stratum lucidum

A

A space of the epidermis where there is more transparency in the cells ofter, where organelles start to disappear in the cells.

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11
Q

How do we get the differentiation of keritinized stratisfied epidermis of the skin?

A

Keratinocyte differentiation!

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12
Q

what are the layers of the differentiating epidermis?

A

The Stratum basali; the stratum spinosum, the stratum granulosum, the stratum corneum. (Cute ladies get smart boys)

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13
Q

what do we find in the stratum basalis?

A

we find stem cells and hemidesmosomes to hold the cells to the bsement membrane

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14
Q

what is found in the stratum spinosum

A

lots of desmosomes to hold the cells together, and look a little spiny because of it.

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15
Q

what is found in the stratum granulosum

A

Karatohyalin granules: Keratin aggregation

Lamellar granules: lipid coating

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16
Q

what is found in the stratum corneum (describe it)

A

Anucleate then acellular layer of stacks (squames) of cross linked keratin coated with lipid.

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17
Q

Describe the way that warts take advantage of the normal development of skin

A

they ride the ascending layers of epithelium during Keritinocyte differentiation.

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18
Q

describe the location of the 5 stratums of epidermis in thick skin.

A

the stratum corneum is the most superficial, then the lucidum is a light line just below that. the granulosum is below that and followed by the spinosum and the basale is right next to the basement membrane

19
Q

What is the significance of the Stratum basale

A

It is the source of stem cells, transit amplifying cells and links to the basal lamina by hemidesmosomes.

20
Q

The cells here are connected by lots of desmisomes that look like pokey little things when stained

A

Stratum spinosum

21
Q

Deffects in this function can lead to defects in inflammatory diseases such as eczema and may contribute to asthma

A

Barrier Function

the aggreated keratin filaments cross-linked together to form squames and serve as a scaffold for lipids and proteins that provide the barrier function

22
Q

A protein involved in aggregating keratin in the stratum corneum (contained in keratohyalin granules

A

profilaggrin

23
Q

what do Langerhans cells do?

A

found in tratum spinosum, bind and process antigesn and migrate to lymph nodes or just to T cells in skin and are professional antigen presenting cell

24
Q

Derived from neural crest, located in stratum basale, produce a substance too protect nuclei from UV

A

Melanocytes

Produce melanin (in melanosomes); inject melanin granules into keratinocytes (cytokine secretion)

25
Q

Thought to be mechanosensory cells, innervated by free nerve endings

A

Merkel Cells in the basal layer!

26
Q

Two kinds of cancer of Keratinocytes:

Common one looks like darkly colored aggregates

Less common one is loops and layers of cells

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma (dark aggregates, associated with sun)

Squamous cell carcinoma (layers of squamous looking cells invading the tissue) also associated with sun

27
Q

what is a meissner’s Corpuslce?

A

they are like little Q-tip ends” that are in dermal papillae and give the tactile sense of light touch

28
Q

what are the pacinian corpuslce?

A

deep in the dermis or in the hypodermis is the pacinian corpuslce that looks like an onion slice in the hypodermis and sense vibration,pressure.

29
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands?

A

Eccrine and apocrine sweat glands

30
Q

what are Eccrine sweat glands?

A

they are in dermis/hypodermis and secretion by membrane transport and merocrine (exocytosis) and then send fluid up through exritory duct that resorbs salt (basis of cystic fibrosis test)

31
Q

what is an apocrine sweat gland?

A

in axillar, areolar, anal regions, secretion is merocrine (exocytosis) viscous secretion is initially odorless, but affected by bacteria.

32
Q

What is the difference in the apperance of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands?

A

apocrine sweat glands have gigantic lumens!

33
Q

what is a pilosebaceous unit?

A

the hair!!! and all of the root and folicle and the sebaceous gland.

34
Q

what is the structure of sebaceous gland, and the type of secretion?

A

simple branched acinaar glands; holocrine secretion

35
Q

what are the muscles that lift the hair cells?

A

the arrector pili muscles

36
Q

what would you lose if you were to lose the hair follicles in a region?

A

you would lose the hair but also the stem cells that produce hair and also produce surface epidermis after wounds etc.!! they are a stem cell bank!

37
Q

what are the souces of afferent nurological information in the skin?

A

merkel cells, free neurons, meissner’s cells, and pacinian cells send info to the CNS (somatic sensory)

38
Q

what is the efforent innervation of the skin?

A

sympathetic innervation to the apocrine glands, arterioles, arrector pili, and the eccrine sweat glands!

39
Q

Cancer of the pigment cells, causes the most deaths from skin cancer.

A

Melanoma

40
Q

Cancer of the cells that are thought to be sensory cells and innervated by free nerve endings

A

Merkel cell carcinoma.

41
Q

What funcions could the circuitous interdigitations of the dermal papillae have ?

A

Mechanical strength; friction ridges!

42
Q

What is the layer of Dermis that is made of Type III Collagen fine elastic fibers and lots of cells

A

Papillary dermis

43
Q

What is the layer of the dermis that is made of type I collagen thick elastic fibers and few cells

A

Reticular dermis

44
Q

where is the main blood supply in the skin?

A

in the dermis…the capillaries extend into the Dermal papilla…superficial plexus below and communicating vessels to the deep plexus

FOM Quiz 8 (17 decks)

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