Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FOM Quiz 8 > 12/1 Calcium Homeostatis > Flashcards

12/1 Calcium Homeostatis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the roles that Ca plays in the body

A

Muscle contraction (sarcoplamic reticulum); Synaptic transmission; Second messanger in signaling; Bone/teeth structure; Ation potentials (heart); blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why vitamin K in infants?

A

vitamin K allows the reaction of the clotting protiens to bind to calcium and to then function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most basic role (simple animals have it) of calcium?

A

signalling molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what would the body protect most if calcium becomes limited?

A

it would protect the signalling function of calcium and it would sacrifice the structural roles of calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what organs balance Ca with the blood

A

balance with the bone, kidney and intestines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the biggest res. of ca in the body?

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the normal blood level of Ca

A

1.2 mM free Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what functions of intestines with Ca

A

intake from diet and secrete out of the stool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what functions of the bone with ca.

A

big resvior, and constant bone remodeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the hormones the control Ca

A

parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Vitamin D. Calcitonin (not really in humans).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the role of kidney in calcium control?

A

Provide vitamin D and excrete and reabsorb Ca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is the parathyroid gland?

A

at the back of the thyroid gland in the neck, by the pharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what would high calcium do to chief cells in the parathyroid gland

A

Calcium would bind to G-protien receptors and protein kinase A and Protien kinase C and this would lead to inhibition of PTH secretion by having an accumulation of PTH containing vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what if low Calcium in the blood around the parathyroid

A

the chief cells would not be binding Ca at g-protien coupled receptor and this will allow PTH vesicles to be released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of hormone is PTH?

A

peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of control is active on PTH?

A

humoral control (blood control)

17
Q

what other hormones besides PTH are humoral control?

A

Insulin/glucagon (sense blood glucose)

18
Q

what type of hormones are not humoral that we have talked about?

A

Thyroxine (T4) thyroid hormone; Angiotenson; progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, corticol etc.

19
Q

the body has just released a lot of PTH what will happen?

A

it will lead to osteoclasts releasing more Ca from bone. stimulates reabsorbtion of Ca in the Kidney.

20
Q

why would PTH lead to kidney excretion of phosphate?

A

phosphate binds to Ca in the blood so if there is less phosphate there is more free Ca

21
Q

I can’t absorb but 10% of Ca in intestines, what signal is missing?

A

Calcitriol

22
Q

We have just diagnosed a parathyroid tumor, what symptoms will need to be controlled

A

increased PTH will lead to low calcium in bone and this could lead to osteoporosis and all of the bad things from high Ca in the blood.

23
Q

I have just identified a patient as having hypoparathyroidism…what would the Ca and PTH levels look like for them?

A

they would have low Ca and low PTH

24
Q

I have just identified a patient as having primary hyperparathyroidism…what would the Ca and PTH levels look like for them?

A

they would have high PTH and high Ca; high hormone means high Ca

25
Q

I have just identified a patient as having PTH-independent hypercalcemia…what would the Ca and PTH levels look like for them?

A

they would have high Ca and low PTH; this means that there is high Ca without PTH causing it!

26
Q

I have just identified a patient as having secondary hyperparathyroidism…what would the Ca and PTH levels look like for them?

A

they would have low Ca and high PTH. this could be from a low vitamin D and low Ca environment…PTH is trying but Ca is not being released!

27
Q

I have stayed inside and played warcraft and eat only crappy food! why do I have a problem with Ca levels?

A

Vitamin D lack!

28
Q

what role does vitamin D play for Calcium

A

Mainly for the absorption of calcium in the intestines and mino in the absorb from the bones and kidney

29
Q

what is the construction of vitamin D

A

it has three hydorxl groups (OH) that come from cholesterol, then from renal hydroxylation, and then in a second step from liver hydroxylation

30
Q

how would PTH lead to creation of vitamin D

A

it leads to the first hydroxylation of vitamin D in the renal system.

31
Q

how do we deactivate calcitriol (vitamin D)

A

by hydroxilating it again and then we pee it out! (4 OH is death to Vit. D)

32
Q

what does Vitamin D do in the body?

A

it interacts with a nuclear hormone receptor to lead to expression of genes that increase the absorbtion of calcium (mainly in the intestines)

33
Q

the three step dance of PTH

A
  1. activate osteoclasts; 2. Increase reabsorption in kidney tubules; 3. Promote vitamin D production in kidney to lead to absoption in the intestines.
34
Q

what is the loss of ca in bones lead to in children?

A

rickets

35
Q

what is the loss of bone density due to loss of Ca due to loss of vitamin D in adults ?

A

it is osteomalacia (adult version of rickets)

36
Q

why do we need sun to get V. D?

A

the Pre-Vit. D needs UV exposure to form the double bonds needed to make the vit. D structure that will then get hydroxylated by the renal and the liver!

37
Q

what is the difference in osteoporosis and osteomalacia?

A

Perosis: weakening of previously constructed bone. Malacia: defect in bone building process!

38
Q

why would low vit. D lead to hyperparathyroidism?

A

it would lead to a lack of Ca absorb in the intestines which would lead to a low serum Ca which would lead to more PTH release/

FOM Quiz 8 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions