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1 PID Unit > 12 > Flashcards

12 Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient has rheumatic fever, splinter hemorrhages and slowly developing illness, what might they possibly have? What organism might they have?

A

bacteremia/endocarditis

streptococcus bovis

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2
Q

T-F–streptococcus bovis is not found as normal flora in the human?

A

False

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3
Q

T-F—streptococcus bovis is found as normal flora on our skin?

A

False–GI tract

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4
Q

T-F–strep bovis causes gastrointestinal malignancy?

A

False–its actually not known whether or not it causes it or grows more heavily as a result of it.

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5
Q

What percent of persons with colon polyps/colon cancer have S. bovis in the colon?

A

56%

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6
Q

T-F–colon cancer patients have much higher percentages of enterococci than S. Bovis?

A

False–opposite is true.

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7
Q

Why might s. bovis be found more in malignancies than enterococci?

A

increased virulence in comparison.

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8
Q

What is S. bovis endocarditis characterized by?

A

large destructive lesions

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9
Q

In the patient with S. bovis, what does the physician need to do for treatment?

A

antibiotics/supportive care

TEST FOR COLON CANCER!!!

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10
Q

What bacteria is characterized by alpha hemolytic, catalase negative, optochin sensitive diplococci?

A

strep pneumoniae

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11
Q

What are the key virulence factors of strep pneumoniae? [3]

A
  • 85 serotypes of antiphagocytic polysacch. capsules
  • pneumolysin
  • IgA1 protease
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12
Q

How is strep pneumoniae transmitted?

A

droplet infection

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13
Q

T-F—s. pneumoniae is the number one cause of pneumonia?

A

True

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14
Q

What does s. pneumoniae need to combine with to be the most common cause of otitis media?

A

Haemophilus influenza

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis?

A

strep. pneumoniae

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16
Q

In the case of meningitis for strep pneumoniae what is the fatality rate reduced by?

A

anti-inflammatory corticosteroids with antibiotics.

[THIS DISEASE IS HIGHLY INFLAMMATORY]

17
Q

How can be prevent strep pneumoniae infections?

A

vaccinations against capsules

18
Q

What are the percentages of meningitis causes in neonates in the following infections?

  • Group B strep
  • E. coli
  • Listeria monoctogenes
  • Strep pneumoniae, Neisseria
A
  • 40%
  • 40%
  • 10%
  • 10%
19
Q

What is the most common cause of meningitis in young children 3 mo to 7 years?

A

Haemophilus influenza type b in unvaccinated children only

20
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of meningitis in older individuals?

A

strep pneumoniae

neisseria meningitidis

21
Q

What hemolysis category is viridans streptococci usually in? where is it found?

A

alpha-hemolytic

normal flora of throat

22
Q

What cause dental caries?

A

strep mutans

23
Q

How does the strep cause caries?

A

makes dextran polymer from sucrose metabolism and then demineralizes teeth from acid production

24
Q

Strep mutans are what type of anaerobes?

A

aerotolerant

25
Q

What percentage of infection endocarditis is caused by veridans streptococci? When does this normally occur?

A

35%

- normally occurs in persons with pre-existing myocardial damage

26
Q

T-F—enterococci used to be classified as streptococci?

A

True

27
Q

What two enterococci are potentially highly antibiotic resistant even to vancomycin?

A

E. faecalis

E. Faecium

28
Q

What type of aerobe/anaerobe is enterococci?

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

[but can persist in nature for extended periods of time]

29
Q

Why do many strains of enterococci aggregate?

A

large molecular weight surface protein called aggregation substance binds to lipoteichoic acid

30
Q

What 3 bacterias aggregate to cause human disease?

A

staph aureus
virdans strep
enterococci

31
Q

In what people does enterococci cause disease?

A

immune compromised and in elderly

32
Q

What pathogen is sometimes called the end of life pathogen?

A

enterococci

33
Q

What major things does enterococci cause?

A

UTI
sepsis
15% of infective endocarditis

34
Q

What is the major cause of infectious endocarditis? percentages?

A

staph aureus 45%
Viridans strep 35%
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium 15%

35
Q

T-F–enterococci can transfer antibiotic resistance to other gram positive bacteria?

A

True

36
Q

What is the management protocol for infectious endocarditis?

A

antibiotics
supportive care
valve replacement
manage other complications like stroke

37
Q

Is Strep bovis beta hemolytic?

A

No–non hemolytic or alpha hemolytic

38
Q

What hemolysis groups are enterococci?

A

non or Beta hemolysis due to cytolysin

1 PID Unit (12 decks)

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