11 Flashcards
What 3 bacteria should we usually think about in the case of purpura fulminans?
Group A strep (S. pyogenes)
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria meningiditis
(Also remember he said bacillus cereus had also been identified as a cause!)
If you had all the drugs/interventions you needed for the following case…what would you use? [7 items]
-104.5 T, BP 60/0, purpuric rash, 3day vomit/diarrhea, highly elevated liver/kidney enzymes, very low calcium/platelets.
vancomycin rifampin clindamycin IVIG vasopressors Fluid and electrolytes drotrecogin alpha
In the case where the man had a near death experience twice with the same bacteria, they found his family to have beta-hemolytic streptococcus group G not group A. What did they treat the family with? [3 drugs]
ceftriaxone
clindamycin
rifampin
In the case where the man had a near death experience twice with the same bacteria, they found his family to have beta-hemolytic streptococcus group G not group A. Why did he get effected and not everyone else?
He lacked antibodies to SPEA and SPEC
In the case where the man had a near death experience twice with the same bacteria, they found his family to have beta-hemolytic streptococcus group G not group A. Once they found out what the issue was, how did they treat him?
Monthly IVIG for a year.
What type of drugs are used for T cell lymphoma?
cytotoxic drugs
What drug is used to treat USA200 CA-MRSA?
vancomycin
What is used in the treatment neutralizing TSST-1?
IVIG
Gram +, cocci, beta-hemolytic, catalase negative point to what bacteria?
streptococci
What is the final identification test for streptococci bacteria?
lancefield grouping
How many serotypes are found in group B strep? What is their serotypes based on?
9
capsular polysaccharide
How many women are colonized vaginally with group B step? group A strep?
20-40%
1/100-1%
T-F– humans acquire group B streptococci from cows/milk?
False
What causes bovine mastitis?
Group B strep
What is a major way Group B strep is transmitted? What is the relatively less common mode of transmission?
- fetus and neonate from women vaginally colonized.
2. direct contact with breaks in the skin for TSS
When is group B strep routinely assessed/screened for?
third trimester
How are pregnant women colonized with group B strep treated?
penicillin to reduce colonization
What are the 3 cell surface virulence factors of group B strep
- antiphagocytic caps. polysaccharide.
- C5a peptidase
- Surface proteins alpha and beta
How many cases of early onset sepsis with group B strep occur in the US each year?
10,000
What is the outcome of fetal/neonate sepsis of group B strep?
30-50% fatality
True or false- neonates do not show fever often?
true
What is a very important sign of bacterial infection in neonates?
lethargy
How many cases of late onset meningitis from group B strep happen in the US/ year?
10,000
often seen in neonates greater than 5 days but less than one year
What are the 2 types of vaccines being developed for group B strep.?
- capsular polysaccharides (type specific)
2. C5a peptidase (not type specific)
T-F—group C strep will often cause pharyngitis, but group G will not?
False—both can cause pharyngitis
T-F—group G strep can cause toxic shock syndrome, but group C never does?
False—both can cause
What is the name of group D strep?
Streptococcus bovis
T-F—group D strep is beta hemolytic?
False
it is either non-hemolytic or alpha hemolytic
What is group D strep often associated with?
gastrointestinal malignancy
[not known if it is the cause or grows as the result of]
What 3 things is streptococcus bovis occasionally associated with?
- endocarditis
- UTI
- sepsis
What is the function of the surface proteins alpha and beta in group B strep?
unknown but it is known they are required for virulence.
