12/2/2014 Gross Anatomy Superior Mediastinum and Root of the Neck Matthew J. Vilburn

Question 1

What are the major divisions of the mediastinum?

Answer 1

• Superior
• Inferior
• Anterior
• Middle
• Posterior

Question 2

What do you find in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 2

1. Azygos venous system
2. Sympathetic trunk
3. Splanchnic nerves
4. Thoracic duct

Question 3

What do you find in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 3

Major junction of many structures from the neck and thorax
• Trachea
• Esophagus
• Subclavian veins
• Aortic arch &
branches
• Phrenic & vagus
nerves
• Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 4

Why do we care about the mediastinum?

Answer 4

• recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries
• aortic aneurysms
• myasthenia gravis
• variations in the great arteries

Question 5

Describe the neck and its function

Answer 5

• Fibromuscular tube
• Passageway for:
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Brachial plexus
• Connects the head with the thorax

Question 6

What are the bones in the neck?

Answer 6

• 7 cervical vertebrae
- all movement of the neck involve the cervical vertebrae
• Hyoid bone
- attachment for muscles of the tongue and pharynx

Question 7

What are the triangles of the neck?

Answer 7

• sternocleidomastoid
- divides the superficial anterior neck into two triangles
• posterior/lateral triangle
• anterior triangle

Question 8

What are the primary contents of the posterior triangle?

Answer 8

• CN XI Accessory
• Cervical plexus
• Phrenic nerve
• Brachial plexus

Question 9

What are boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 9

• Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
• Anterior border of trapezius
• Middle portion of clavicle

Question 10

What are the primary contents of the anterior triangle?

Answer 10

• Hyoid Bone
• Thyroid & cricoid cartilages
• Trachea
• Thyroid & submandibular glands

Question 11

What are boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 11

• Anterior boundary of sternocleidomastoid
• Mandible
• Midline from chin to sternum

Question 12

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

Answer 12

• Common carotid artery
• Internal & external carotid arteries with branches
• Internal jugular vein
• Vagus, spinal accessory, & hypoglossal nerves

Question 13

Describe the carotid triangle

Answer 13

A subdivision of the anterior triangle between the omohyoid, digastric and sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 14

What are the 5 muscles into which the anterior neck can be divided?

Answer 14

• Superficial
• Infrahyoid
• Suprahyoid
• Lateral vertebral
• Anterior vertebral

Question 15

What are the superficial muscles of the neck?

Answer 15

• Platysma
- thin muscle attached to the skin of the neck
• Trapezius
- moves the scapulae
• Sternocleidomastoid
- 2 heads: Sternal & clavicular

Question 16

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscle?

Answer 16

Help with swallowing and movement of the tongue

Question 17

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscle?

Answer 17

Help with movement of the hyoid bone during swallowing

Question 18

What muscles form the suprahyoid muscle?

Answer 18

• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid
• Stylohyoid
• Digastric

Question 19

What muscles form the infrahyoid muscle?

Answer 19

• Omohyoid
• Sternohyoid
• Thyrohyoid
• Sternothyroid

Question 20

What is the function of the anterior vertebral muscle?

Answer 20

The prevertebral muscles all attach on the anterior portion of the neck

Question 21

What muscles form the anterior vertebral muscles?

Answer 21

• Longus colli
• Longus capitis
• Rectus capitis anterior
• Rectus capitis lateralis

Question 22

What muscles form the lateral vertebral muscles?

Answer 22

• Scalene Triangle

• Anterior scalene
• Middle scalene
• Posterior scalene

Question 23

What is important about the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 23

• The subclavian vein & phrenic nerve pass anterior to this muscle
• The subclavian artery passes posteriorly and can be divided into thirds by this muscle

Question 24

What arteries are found in the neck?

Answer 24

• Brachiocephalic Trunk
- Right common carotid
- Right subclavian
• Left common carotid
• Left subclavian

Question 25

Internal carotid supplies the ___

Answer 25

brain & eye

Question 26

External carotid supplies the ___

Answer 26

face & neck

Question 27

Subclavian artery supplies the ___

Answer 27

lower neck & upper limb

Question 28

Is the vertebral artery a branch from the subclavian?

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

What are the external carotid branches?

*Seven Angry Ladies Fight Over PMS

Answer 29

• Superior Thyroid
• Ascending Pharyngeal
• Lingual
• Facial
• Occipital
• Posterior Auricular
• Maxillary
• Superficial Temporal

Question 30

What are the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?

Answer 30

• 1st : Vertebral artery, Thyrocervical trunk, Internal thoracic artery
- Suprascapular artery
- Cervicodorsal trunk
- Dorsal scapular*
- Superficial cervical
• 2nd: Costocervical trunk
- Supreme intercostal artery
- Deep cervical artery
• 3rd: None

Question 31

Anterior & External Jugular veins drain from the neck and face into the ___ vein

Answer 31

Subclavian

Question 32

___ jugular vein drains blood from the brain, superficial face, and neck

Answer 32

Internal

Question 33

Subclavian vein drains the ___

Answer 33

upper limbs

Question 34

The ___ veins are formed by the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

Answer 34

brachiocephalic

Question 35

What are the nerves running through the neck?

Answer 35

• Sympathetic ganglia
• Cranial nerves
• Recurrent laryngeal
• Cervical plexus
• Brachial plexus
• Phrenic nerve

Question 36

Why do we care about the neck?

Answer 36

Torticollis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage
Horner's syndrome
Central lines in subclavian veins
Nerve blocks