11/12/2014 Gross Anatomy Heart Susan Stearns Flashcards
Where is the heart located in the chest?
Middle mediastinum
What is the pericardium?
Double-layered fibrous sac surrounding the heart
What is a complication of pericarditis?
Cardiac tamponade–when fluid accumulates within the pericardial cavity, compressing the heart and limiting the amount of blood flowing through it.
What is pericardiocentesis?
A procedure to relieve the pressure on the heart in cardiac tamponade/pericarditis.
Where is the apex of the heart?
The tip of the left ventricle
The grooves between the chambers contain the major branches of the coronary arteries are called:
sulci
Where are the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes located?
Right atrium
Where are trabeculae carneae found?
Ventricles, the muscular folds in the thick ventricular walls
What are the distinguishing features of the left ventricle?
- thick trabeculae carnae 2. anterior and posterior papillary muscles 3. chordae tendinae
Rheumatic fever can cause _______ of the mitral valve.
Stenosis
If the opening of the pulmonary trunk or of the aorta is stenotic due to disease or deformation of the leaflets of their valves, their respective ventricles may become enlarged. This finding is called:
Hypertrophy
The first heart sounds reflect the closing of the:
AV valves
The _______ heart sounds reflect the closures of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
Second
Consider the following situations: 1. papillary muscle dysfunction, 2. rupture of chordae tendinae, 3. incompetence of a valve, 4. disease of a valve, 5. congenital malformations of valves, vessels or chambers. These situations all describe causes of what pathology?
Heart murmur
The right and left coronary artieries arise from what region of the ascending aorta?
Aortic sinus
What is the concept of a “dominant coronary artery?”
The source of the posterior descending artery–in over half the population, the dominant coronary artery is a branch of the right coronary. These people have “right dominance.”
What is the SA node?
Cluster of cells in the RA, it’s the pacemaker of the heart. The electrical signal travels from here to the AV node.
What structure transmits the conduction impulse to the ventricular cardiac monocytes?
Purkinje fibers
What could be the symptoms of a patient suffering from acute tamponade?
- elevated jugular venous pressure –> due to impaired venous return to the right atrium
- distention of the veins of the neck and forehead
- Indistinct heart sounds and hypotension –> due to decreased cardiac output
