11/18/2014 Microscopic Anatomy Cartilage and Bone Ira Ames

Question 1

Cartilage and bone make up what kinds of tissue?

Answer 1

Supporting connective tissue

Question 2

Chondrocytes are located in _______.

Answer 2

Lacunae

Question 3

Name the 3 major functions of cartilage:

Answer 3

1. Supports soft tissues
2. Forms articular surfaces of bones
3. Grow in length of long bones

Question 4

What is a function of a chondrocyte?

Answer 4

To produce and secrete ECM

Question 5

A round nucleus, prominent nucleolus and diffuse chromatin mean what for a cell’s functioning?

Answer 5

It’s actively making proteins, along with a lot of rough ER and mitochondria etc.

Question 6

What type of collagen is found in the perichondrium?

Answer 6

Type 1

Question 7

Where in cartilage are fibroblasts found?

Answer 7

Perichondrium, outer layer

Question 8

Where in cartilage are chondroblasts found?

Answer 8

Perichondrium, inner layer, and the beginning of the cartilage proper (appositional growth)

Question 9

What kind of growth occurs in cartilage, primarily?

Answer 9

Appositional growth

Question 10

Can chondroblasts undergo mitosis?

Answer 10

Yes, one daughter cell remains a chondroblast, the other daughter cell becomes a chondrocyte

Question 11

What is the secondary type of growth in cartilage?

Answer 11

Interstitial growth, meaning growth from within lacunae

Question 12

Do chondrocytes undergo mitosis?

Answer 12

They can, for a while. The fact that they don’t, for the most part, plus the lack of blood vessels, indicate that cartilage injury takes forever to heal.

Question 13

Nests of chondrocytes are also called:

Answer 13

isogenous groups

Question 14

True or False: Cartilage is avascular.

Answer 14

True, cartilage receives nutrients from diffusion, from the blood vessels in the perichondrium

Question 15

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 15

1. Hyaline (most common)
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic

Question 16

In what kind of cartilage is type II collagen found?

Answer 16

Hyaline

Question 17

Why does hyaline cartilage look blue?

Answer 17

Lots of sulfated GAGs soaking up stain

Question 18

What kind of cartilage is found in:
larynx
bronchi
trachea
articular surfaces of joints
epiphyseal plate
nose

Answer 18

Hyaline cartilage

Question 19

What kind of cartilage is found in:
external ear
epiglottis
laryngeal cartilages
eustachian tube

Answer 19

Elastic cartilage

Question 20

What kind of dye is used to stain elastic cartilage?

Answer 20

Orcein dyes

Question 21

What kind of cartilage is found in:
pubic symphysis
a few tendons
menisci of knees
annulus fibrosus

Answer 21

Fibrocartilage

Question 22

What layer of cartilage is not found in fibrocartilage?

Answer 22

Perichondrium

Question 23

What is the prominent form of collagen in fibrocartilage?

Answer 23

Type 1

Question 24

What are the four main pathologies associated with cartilage?

Answer 24

1. Chrondroma (benign)
2. Chondrosarcoma
3. Osteoarthritis
4. Calcification of matrix

Question 25

In what structures are osteocytes housed?

Answer 25

Lacunae

Question 26

True or False: Bone is vascular and has nerves.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: Bone undergoes interstitial growth.

Answer 27

False. Bone only undergoes appositional growth.

Question 28

Spongy bone is also known as:

Answer 28

Cancellous, trabecular

Question 29

How do Haversian canals run alongisde osteons?

Answer 29

Parallel to

Question 30

Volkman’s canals connect what structures?

Answer 30

Haversial canals (they run perpendicular between the canals)

Question 31

What is another word for remodeling of bone?

Answer 31

Functional adaptation

Question 32

What are four pathologies of bone?

Answer 32

1. Osteroperosis
2. Rickets
3. Osteopetrosis
4. Osteogenesis imperfecta