11/14/2014 Medical Physiology Cardiovascular System Design Barry Knox

Question 1

Deoxygenated blood returns through to the ______ through the systemic circulation.

Answer 1

Right atrium

Question 2

Right ventricle pumps this blood into the:

Answer 2

pulmonary circulation

Question 3

_________ blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

Answer 3

Reoxygenated

Question 4

Oxygenated blood is pumped by the left ventricle into the:

Answer 4

systemic arterial circulation

Question 5

What valves regulate entry into the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 5

Tricuspid and pulmonary

Question 6

What valves regulate entry into the systemic circulation?

Answer 6

Mitral and aortic

Question 7

If valves do not open fully, they are considered:

Answer 7

stenotic

Question 8

What is arryhthmia?

Answer 8

If the contractions of individual heart cells do not occur at regular intervals/are not synchronized.

Question 9

If valves leak, it is called:

Answer 9

regurgitance or valvular insufficiency

Question 10

If the cardiac muscle contractions are not forceful enough, what is i called?

Answer 10

Heart failure

Question 11

True or False: Ventricles must fill adequately during diastole.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is a normal cardiac output amount?

Answer 12

5-6 L/min

Question 13

Definition: The volume of blood pumped by the heart into the aorta each minute. What is it?

Answer 13

Cardiac output

Question 14

Why is the CO the same in the aorta and pulmonary arteries?

Answer 14

They are in series, therefore the amount of blood flowing through them is the same.

Question 15

Does pregnancy increase or decrease CO?

Answer 15

Increase

Question 16

Do rapid arrythmias increase or decrease CO?

Answer 16

Decrease

Question 17

Does heart disease increase or decrease CO?

Answer 17

Decrease

Question 18

CO (mL/min) =

Answer 18

SV (mL) x HR (beats/min)

Question 19

What is the stroke volume?

Answer 19

The amount of blood ejected out of each ventricle in mL.

Question 20

What is the ventricular preload?

Answer 20

Length of muscle at onset of contraction

Question 21

What is ventricular afterload?

Answer 21

Tension of muscle during contraction

Question 22

What are three main determinants of stroke volume?

Answer 22

1. Myocardial contractility
2. Ventricular afterload
3. Ventricular preload

Question 23

The larger the ventricular end-diastolic volume, the larger the _______.

Answer 23

SV (Starling’s Law)

Question 24

The cross-sectional area of the vasculature is greatest where?

Answer 24

In the capillaries (totaled together)

Question 25

Definition: The average pressure over the entire cardiac cycle. What is it?

Answer 25

The mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Question 26

Give the equation for MAP.

Answer 26

MAP = DP + 1/3(SP-DP) = DP + 1/3PP