12๊ณผ Flashcards
V-(์ผ)๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ
This expression is used to indicate that the subject HAD INTENDED TO DO STH but then decided to QUIT or DO STH ELSE INSTEAD.
-> (์ผ)๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ = shorter form of (์ผ)๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋ค๊ฐ
-> it is also used as -(์ผ)๋ ค๋ค ( โ๊ฐโ gets omitted )
-> it only attaches to verbs
-> ๋ ค๋ค to krรณtka od ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋ค๊ฐ czyli โzamierzaลam ale zrobiลam coล innegoโ ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ๋ค. Chciaลam lecieฤ Korea ale poleciaลaล do Tajlandi (zmiana zdania, poddanie sie itp)
1. โข
์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋ก์์ ์๋ก ๊ตฌ์
ํ๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ ์ผ ๋
๋ ํ๊ธฐ๋กํ๋ค. I had wanted to buy a new car because my car is old and beat up, but I decided to just drive it for one more year.
ํผ์๋ฅผ์์ผ ๋จน์ผ๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ ์ด์ด ์ฐ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ค ๋ค. I had intended to order pizza, but I figured Iโd gain weight, so I restrained myself and just went to sleep.
โข ๋์์๊ฒ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฆ์ ์ํค๋ ค๋ค ๋ฐ๋๋ ์ ๊ฒธํด์ ๋ด๊ฐ ์ง ์ ๊ฐ๋ค. I had planned to ask my little brother to run some errands for me, but Idecided just to do it myself while getting some fresh air.
- For this expression, the objects of both the preceding and following clauses must be the same
(๋ด๊ฐ) ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํ๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ ์ ์ด ์ ์ฌ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์ ๋ด ์น ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์ฃผ์ค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋ค. (X)-> (๋ด๊ฐ) ์ปคํผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํ๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ ์ ์ด ์์ฌ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์ (๋ด๊ฐ) ์ฃผ์ค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ๋ค. (O) - This expression is also used when indicating the sudden interruption of, or change in, some gradually changing or newly created situation or state of affairs.
๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ ์ ํด์ง ๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ ๋ค์ ๋์์ก๋ค. The weather had been becoming cool, but then it became hot again. ๋๋ผ๋ง๊ฐ ์ฌ๋ฏธ์์ด ์ง ๋ ค๋ค๊ฐ ๋ง์๋ค. The drama (series) was getting interesting and then stopped (getting interesting).
A/V-(์ผ)ใน์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ค
Might, may ~express a guess that something might happen
-> This grammar pattern is used when there is a doubt and something isnโt known for sure. It is is equivalent to โmay; might; perhaps; maybe; possibly etc.โ
- It is incorrect to change ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ค to ๋ชฐ๋๋ค in the past tense form
์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ค to zwykle โmightโ po angielsku. ์ค๋ ๋น๊ฐ ์ฌ ์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ. It might rain today
์)
1. ์ฌ๋ณด, ์ฐ์ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ ธ๊ฐ์ธ์. ์ฅ๋ง์ฒ ์๋ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ๋น๊ฐ ์ฌ์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์.
( Honey, take an umbrella with you. In the rainy season, it might rain suddenly )
- ๋ง๋ฆฌ ์จ๊ฐ ๋ฒ์จ ๊ณ ํฅ์ ๋์๊ฐ์์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์. ( Mary might already returned her home country )
- ์ด ์ท์ด ๋ด ๋์์๊ฒ๋ ์ข ์์์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์. ( These clothes might be small to my brother )
- ์กฐ์ฌํด. ๋จ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ. (Watch out. It may be hot.)
- ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ์ถ์ธ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋๊น ๋๊บผ์ด ์ท์ ๊ผญ ์ฑ๊ธฐ์ธ์. ( The weather may be cold, please bring a warm clothes. )
- ์๋ง ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ค์์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋๊น ์กฐ์ฉํ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ธ์. (Other people may listen, please talk quietly. )
- ๊ทธ๋ ํ๋ณตํ ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค (He may possibly recover. )
- ๊ทธ๋ ์ง ์์์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค (Iโm afraid not)
- ๋ด๊ฐ ํ๋ ธ์์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค ( I am afraid I am wrong. )
- ๊ทธ๊ฐ ์ณ์์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค ( He is right, I dare say.)
- ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ธ์ ์ฌ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ ์๋๋ฌ๋ผ(Theyโll be here at any moment, so youโd better hurry.)
- ์์ด ์ผ์ด๋ ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋ค (War becomes a probability)
A-(์ผ)ใด๊ฐ? / V-๋๊ฐ?
What (will happen, is wrong etc)?
๋๊ฐ to forma uลผywana gลรณwnie przy pytaniach i w tekstach np w nagลรณwkach takie โi wonder whether, could it be that, is it the case that?โ
ํ๋ฃจ์ ๋ช ์๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ํด์ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ข์๊ฐ? = ํ๋ฃจ์ ๋ช ์๊ฐ์ ์ด๋ํด์ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ์ข์๊น? How many hours a day should I exercise to be healthy?
์ฐ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ตฌ ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์จ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ ํ๋๊ฐ? = ์ฐ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ตฌ ๋ฒ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์จ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ ํ ๊น? Whatโs wrong with dumping garbage?
-> ๋๊ฐ?:
(์์ฌ ๋ฎ์ถค์ผ๋ก) ํ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋ํ ๋ฌผ์์ ๋ํ๋ด๋ ์ข
๊ฒฐ ์ด๋ฏธ. (formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending referring to a question about a fact of the present.
์) 1. ๋ฌด์ ํ๋๊ฐ? ์ด์ ๊ฐ์ง ์๊ณ .
2. ๊น ๊ตฐ์ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ผ๋ก ์ธ์ ๋ ๋๋๊ฐ?
3. ์๋ค ํ์ ์ด ์ข์ง ์์๋ฐ ๋ฌด์จ ์ผ์ด ์๋๊ฐ?
-ใด๊ฐ? :
์) 1. ์์ฆ๋ ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ์๊ฐ?
2. ์๋ค๋ ์ด๋๊ฐ ์ํ๊ฐ?
3. ํ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ง ๋๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ฌ์ค์ธ๊ฐ?
-์๊ฐ? :
์) 1. ๊ทธ๋๊ฐ๋ฐ์ ๋์ด ์ ์๊ฐ?
2. ์๋ค ์ผ๊ตด์ ์ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ์๊ฐ?
3. ์๋ค๊ฐ ๊ทธ ์ํฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋ป๊ฒํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ณ์๊ฐ?
N๋ง์
Even
- N๋ง์ (๋) = even, including, also (usually to extreme extent)
- ๋ง์ to takie โevenโ. Uลผywane w
negatywnych sytuacjach i podkreลla siฤ tym ekstremalnoลฤ. ( ์: โ๋ง์ง๋ง ๊ธฐํ๋ง์ ๋์น๋ค๋ ์ด์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ํด์ผ ํ ์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ค.โ Iโm missing the last chance, so I donโt know what to do now.โ )
- ๊ทธ์๊ฒ๋ ์ด๋ ดํํ ํฌ๋ง๋ง์ ์์๋ค = He didnโt even have the faintest gleam of hope.
- ๊ธธ์ ์์๋๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์๋ค ๋น๋ง์ ์ค๊ธฐ ์์ํ๋ค = I lost my way and it even began to rain.
- ๋๋ง์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ ๋๋๊ตฌ๋! = Even youโre leaving me!
- ํฌ๊ธฐํ๊ณ ์ถ๋ค๋ ์๊ฐ๋ง์ ๋ค์๋ค = I even thought about wanting to quit.
- ์ง๋ง์ ํ์๋ค = He even sold his house
This expression attaches to nouns to indicate that even that noun is included or that the noun is the last thing remaining out of a group of included things. It is usually used only in negative situations:
์) 1. ๊ทธ๋์ ์๋ก ๋ฐ๋น ์ ๋ง๋์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฝ ๋ง์ ๋๊ธฐ๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค. We were so busy that we couldnโt meet, and then we even stopped contacting each other altogether.
- ์ด์ ๊ทธ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๋ง์ง๋ง ์์กด์ ๋ง์ ์จ์ ๊ฑฐ๋์์ผ๋ ์ฌ ๊ฑด์ ๋ฏธ๊ถ์ ๋น ์ง๊ฒ๋์๋ค. Now that the last survivor of that incident has passed away, the case has become shrouded in mystery
-> Expression โN๋ง์ โ can be replaced with โ๊น์ง โ with almost no change in meaning!
์) ๊ทธ๋์ ์๋ก ๋ฐ๋น ์ ๋ง๋์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฝ ๋ง์ ๋๊ธฐ๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค. ->
๊ทธ๋์ ์๋ก ๋ฐ๋น ์ ๋ง๋์ง ๋ชปํ๋ค๊ฐ ์ฐ๋ฝ๊น์ง ๋๊ธฐ๊ณ ๋ง์๋ค.
- However, while โ๋ง์ โ can only be used in negative statements โ๊น์งโ can be used in both positive and negative statements.
์)
1. ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์จ๋ ๋๋ํ๊ณ ๋ง์์จ๋ ๊ณฑ๊ณ ์ผ๊ตด ๋ง์ ์์๋ค. (X)
2. ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์จ๋ ๋๋ํ๊ณ ๋ง์์จ๋ ๊ณฑ๊ณ ์ผ๊ตด๊น์ง ์์๋ค. (O) - ์กฐ์ฐจ vs ๋ง์ : While the expressions โ์กฐ์ฐจโ and โ๋ง์ โ can both be used interchangeably in negative statements to indicate the addition of some fact or state of affairs to what has already been stated, there is a slight difference between them:
- ์กฐ์ฐจ - has the meaning of including some completely unexpected or unanticipated thing or including some basic thing.
์) ๊ณตํด์ผ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ฌ์ง ์๋๋ค.
-> This means that in most cases, public holidays are basically considered to be rest days, but in this case. the person or business does not rest or close even on such days - ๋ง์ - This has the meaning of including the very last remaining item or member of some set of things.
์) ๊ณตํด์ผ ๋ง์ ์ฌ์ง ์๋๋ค.
-> This means that the person or business doesnโt rest or close on other days, not even on public holidays.
- ๋ง์ CAN be used in affirmative sentences in which the overall meaning is negative but ์กฐ์ฐจ CANโT. ์กฐ์ฐจ CAN ONLY be used in a negative sentence!
์) ์ค๋์ ๋ ์จ๋ ์ถ์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐ๋ ๋ง์ ๋ถ๋๊ตฐ์ (O) - The weather is cold today, even the wind is blowing
vs.
์ค๋์ ๋ ์จ๋ ์ถ์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐ๋์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ถ๋๊ตฐ์ (x) โ ์ค๋์ ๋ ์จ๋ ๋์ด๋ฐ ๋ฐ๋์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ถ์ง ์๋๊ตฐ์ (O)
The weather is cold today, even the wind is blowing (X- mozna tak tylko z ๋ง์ ) -> The weather is hot today, but the wind doesnโt even blow (O)