12๊ณผ Flashcards

1
Q

V-(์œผ)๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€

A

This expression is used to indicate that the subject HAD INTENDED TO DO STH but then decided to QUIT or DO STH ELSE INSTEAD.

-> (์œผ)๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ = shorter form of (์œผ)๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
-> it is also used as -(์œผ)๋ ค๋‹ค ( โ€œ๊ฐ€โ€ gets omitted )
-> it only attaches to verbs

-> ๋ ค๋‹ค to krรณtka od ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ czyli โ€œzamierzaล‚am ale zrobiล‚am coล› innegoโ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํƒœ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. Chciaล‚am lecieฤ‡ Korea ale poleciaล‚aล› do Tajlandi (zmiana zdania, poddanie sie itp)
1. โ€ข
์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ก์•„์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ผ ๋…„ ๋” ํƒ€๊ธฐ๋กœํ–ˆ๋‹ค. I had wanted to buy a new car because my car is old and beat up, but I decided to just drive it for one more year.
ํ”ผ์ž๋ฅผ์‹œ์ผœ ๋จน์œผ๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์ด ์ฐ” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์žค ๋‹ค. I had intended to order pizza, but I figured Iโ€™d gain weight, so I restrained myself and just went to sleep.
โ€ข ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋ฆ„์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋„ ์›” ๊ฒธํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง ์ ‘ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค. I had planned to ask my little brother to run some errands for me, but Idecided just to do it myself while getting some fresh air.

  1. For this expression, the objects of both the preceding and following clauses must be the same
    (๋‚ด๊ฐ€) ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž ์ด ์•ˆ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ ๋‚ด ์นœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. (X)-> (๋‚ด๊ฐ€) ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž ์ด ์•ˆ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ (๋‚ด๊ฐ€) ์ฃผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค. (O)
  2. This expression is also used when indicating the sudden interruption of, or change in, some gradually changing or newly created situation or state of affairs.
    ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์„  ํ•ด์ง€ ๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋”์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค. The weather had been becoming cool, but then it became hot again. ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€ ๋ ค๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค. The drama (series) was getting interesting and then stopped (getting interesting).
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2
Q

A/V-(์œผ)ใ„น์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ค

A

Might, may ~express a guess that something might happen

-> This grammar pattern is used when there is a doubt and something isnโ€™t known for sure. It is is equivalent to โ€œmay; might; perhaps; maybe; possibly etc.โ€

  • It is incorrect to change ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ค to ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค in the past tense form
    ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ค to zwykle โ€œmightโ€ po angielsku. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ. It might rain today

์˜ˆ)
1. ์—ฌ๋ณด, ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. ์žฅ๋งˆ์ฒ ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
( Honey, take an umbrella with you. In the rainy season, it might rain suddenly )

  1. ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์จ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”. ( Mary might already returned her home country )
  2. ์ด ์˜ท์ด ๋‚ด ๋™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ข€ ์ž‘์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ( These clothes might be small to my brother )
  3. ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด. ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ. (Watch out. It may be hot.)
  4. ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์šธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์˜ท์„ ๊ผญ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ์„ธ์š”. ( The weather may be cold, please bring a warm clothes. )
  5. ์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋“ค์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”. (Other people may listen, please talk quietly. )
  6. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํšŒ๋ณตํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค (He may possibly recover. )
  7. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค (Iโ€™m afraid not)
  8. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค ( I am afraid I am wrong. )
  9. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค ( He is right, I dare say.)
  10. ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์˜ฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ ์„œ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ผ(Theyโ€™ll be here at any moment, so youโ€™d better hurry.)
  11. ์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค (War becomes a probability)
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3
Q

A-(์œผ)ใ„ด๊ฐ€? / V-๋Š”๊ฐ€?

A

What (will happen, is wrong etc)?

๋Š”๊ฐ€ to forma uลผywana gล‚รณwnie przy pytaniach i w tekstach np w nagล‚รณwkach takie โ€œi wonder whether, could it be that, is it the case that?โ€

ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์šด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์€๊ฐ€? = ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์šด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์„๊นŒ? How many hours a day should I exercise to be healthy?

์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? = ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๊ตฌ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ• ๊นŒ? Whatโ€™s wrong with dumping garbage?

-> ๋Š”๊ฐ€?:
(์˜ˆ์‚ฌ ๋‚ฎ์ถค์œผ๋กœ) ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ข…๊ฒฐ ์–ด๋ฏธ. (formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending referring to a question about a fact of the present.

์˜ˆ) 1. ๋ฌด์—‡ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ .
2. ๊น€ ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์ œ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
3. ์ž๋„ค ํ‘œ์ •์ด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

-ใ„ด๊ฐ€? :
์˜ˆ) 1. ์š”์ฆ˜๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”์œ๊ฐ€?
2. ์ž๋„ค๋Š” ์–ด๋””๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”ˆ๊ฐ€?
3. ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ๊ฐ€?

-์€๊ฐ€? :
์˜ˆ) 1. ๊ทธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์€ ๋ˆ์ด ์ ์€๊ฐ€?
2. ์ž๋„ค ์–ผ๊ตด์€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ‰์€๊ฐ€?
3. ์ž๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ณ์€๊ฐ€?

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4
Q

N๋งˆ์ €

A

Even

  • N๋งˆ์ €(๋„) = even, including, also (usually to extreme extent)
  • ๋งˆ์ € to takie โ€œevenโ€. Uลผywane w
    negatywnych sytuacjach i podkreล›la siฤ™ tym ekstremalnoล›ฤ‡. ( ์˜ˆ: โ€œ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋งˆ์ € ๋†“์น˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ์ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค.โ€ Iโ€™m missing the last chance, so I donโ€™t know what to do now.โ€ )
  1. ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ดํ’‹ํ•œ ํฌ๋ง๋งˆ์ € ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค = He didnโ€™t even have the faintest gleam of hope.
  2. ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋‹ค ๋น„๋งˆ์ € ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค = I lost my way and it even began to rain.
  3. ๋„ˆ๋งˆ์ € ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜! = Even youโ€™re leaving me!
  4. ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งˆ์ € ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค = I even thought about wanting to quit.
  5. ์ง‘๋งˆ์ € ํŒ”์•˜๋‹ค = He even sold his house

This expression attaches to nouns to indicate that even that noun is included or that the noun is the last thing remaining out of a group of included things. It is usually used only in negative situations:

์˜ˆ) 1. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋น ์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฝ ๋งˆ์ € ๋Š๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค. We were so busy that we couldnโ€™t meet, and then we even stopped contacting each other altogether.

  1. ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ƒ์กด์ž ๋งˆ์ € ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฏธ๊ถ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Now that the last survivor of that incident has passed away, the case has become shrouded in mystery

-> Expression โ€œN๋งˆ์ €โ€ can be replaced with โ€œ๊นŒ์ง€ โ€œ with almost no change in meaning!
์˜ˆ) ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋น ์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฝ ๋งˆ์ € ๋Š๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค. ->
๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋น ์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Š๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๋‹ค.

  • However, while โ€œ๋งˆ์ €โ€ can only be used in negative statements โ€œ๊นŒ์ง€โ€ can be used in both positive and negative statements.
    ์—)
    1. ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์”จ๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์”จ๋„ ๊ณฑ๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด ๋งˆ์ € ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค. (X)
    2. ๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์”จ๋Š” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์Œ์”จ๋„ ๊ณฑ๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค. (O)
  • ์กฐ์ฐจ vs ๋งˆ์ €: While the expressions โ€œ์กฐ์ฐจโ€ and โ€œ๋งˆ์ €โ€ can both be used interchangeably in negative statements to indicate the addition of some fact or state of affairs to what has already been stated, there is a slight difference between them:
  1. ์กฐ์ฐจ - has the meaning of including some completely unexpected or unanticipated thing or including some basic thing.
    ์˜ˆ) ๊ณตํœด์ผ์กฐ์ฐจ ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
    -> This means that in most cases, public holidays are basically considered to be rest days, but in this case. the person or business does not rest or close even on such days
  2. ๋งˆ์ € - This has the meaning of including the very last remaining item or member of some set of things.
    ์˜ˆ) ๊ณตํœด์ผ ๋งˆ์ € ์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
    -> This means that the person or business doesnโ€™t rest or close on other days, not even on public holidays.
  • ๋งˆ์ € CAN be used in affirmative sentences in which the overall meaning is negative but ์กฐ์ฐจ CANโ€™T. ์กฐ์ฐจ CAN ONLY be used in a negative sentence!

์—) ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‚ ์”จ๋„ ์ถ”์šด๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๋งˆ์ € ๋ถ€๋Š”๊ตฐ์š” (O) - The weather is cold today, even the wind is blowing
vs.
์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‚ ์”จ๋„ ์ถ”์šด๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ถ€๋Š”๊ตฐ์š” (x) โ†’ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‚ ์”จ๋„ ๋”์šด๋ฐ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ถˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ตฐ์š” (O)
The weather is cold today, even the wind is blowing (X- mozna tak tylko z ๋งˆ์ €) -> The weather is hot today, but the wind doesnโ€™t even blow (O)

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