1.2/1.3 Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are starch, glycogen and cellulose

Answer 1

Polysaccharides

Question 2

What type of glucose are starch, glycogen and cellulose

Answer 2

Starch - alpha
Glycogen -alpha
Cellulose - Beta

Question 3

What is the structure of starch

Answer 3

Amylose - compact spiral shape
Amylopectin - branched

Question 4

What is the function of starch

Answer 4

Energy store in plants e.g, seeds, potato tubers

Question 5

How does starch’s structure link to its function

Answer 5

Insoluble: so it does not cause water to move in by osmosis (Does not affect water potential)

Large + insoluble : Can’t diffuse out of the cell

Question 6

How are the structure of amylose and amylopectin adapted to their functions

Answer 6

Amylose: Compact shape, more glucose stored in a small space

Amylopectin - has branches
- Larger SA/more ends for enzymes to hydrolyse it into glucose

Question 7

What is the structure of glycogen

Answer 7

Shorter chains
Highly branched

Question 8

What is the function of glycogen

Answer 8

Major carbohydrate storage product of animals
- stored as small granules muscles and liver

Question 9

How is glycogen structure link to its function

Answer 9

Insoluble: Does not cause water to move into cells via osmosis
(Does not diffuse out of cells)

Compact: Can be stored in small space. More highly branched than starch
(Larger SA than starch forms glucose monomers faster used in respiration. More important for animals due to faster metabolic and respiratory rates)

Question 10

What is the structure of cellulose

Answer 10

Straight, unbranched chains

Hydrogen bonds form cross links between chains to form microfibrils

Question 11

What is the function of cellulose

Answer 11

Component of plant cell walls - provides strength and rigidity