11.Sterilization, 13.OR, 14.Surveillance Flashcards
Choose the correct answer:
a. Sterilization is destroying all microorganisms in but not on an object?
b. Disinfection is anything less than sterilization
c. Surgical instruments, catheters, and needles are “semi-critical” according to Spauldings classifications?
d. Manual cleaning of instruments is more efficacious than mechanical cleaners
B
destroying all microorganisms on but not in an object
c. Surgical instruments, catheters, and needles are “critical”
d. Manual cleaning of instruments is LESS efficacious than mechanical cleaners
Which of the following does NOT belong? Steam sterilization works by: • a. Temperature • b. Steam • c. Pressure • d. Time • e. Cavitation
E cavitation = ultrasonic cleaning for mechanical cleaning
What are the 4 components of steam sterilization?
Steam, pressure, temperature, and time
What is the process by which ultrasonic cleaning devices clean?
Cavitation – US waves create gas bubbles, which then implode and create a vacuum which removes particles and debris.
The typical recommendation for use of cold sterilization is? Stainless steel surgical equipment Wrapping material Endoscopic equipment Electrical cautery
C endoscopic equipment (think glutaraldehyde) although approval by different manufacturers varies
Which of the following is true? Ethylene oxide gas sterilizes by:
• Using electromagnetic energy to create a plasma phase from a vapor of hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, or peracetic acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture
• Using gamma irradiation
• Generation of ozone from oxygen and water
• Alkalyzation of proteins and nucleic acid
D Ethylene oxide gas sterilizes by:
• Alkalyzation of proteins and nucleic acid
Which of the following is false with ethylene oxide?
• Autoclaving small instruments can be stored for 96 weeks when packaged in double layer linen or plastic-paper envelopes
• Cloth wrapping materials will stay sterile for 3 months
• Paper wrapping material will stay sterile for 30-60 days
• Heat-sealed plastic wrapping will stay sterile for 1 year
B
• Cloth wrapping materials will stay sterile for 15-30 days with ethylene oxide gas
30-60 days paper wrapping
90-100 days plastic wrapping sealed with tape
1 year heat-selad plastic wrapping
Which of the following is false concerning chlorhexidine?
a. It is sporicidal at room temperature
b. Has variable efficacy against viruses and fungi
c. Is effective against MRSA
d. Can be neurotoxic and ototoxic
A is false
Which if the following is false concerning Triclosan?
a. It is a member of the phenol family
b. It has broad bacteriostatic properties
c. When combined with soaps, it looses it efficacy
d. It is less effective than chlorehexidine or iodine
C is false
What is true regarding hand preparation?
a. The area between fingers has the highest bacterial load
b. There is no evidence that iodine or chlorhexidine products are superior
c. Alcohol based scrubs of 1.5 minutes is as effective as traditional 3-5 minute scrubs
d. Recent studies have show that there is less bacterial load when rings are removed
C is correct
nail bed
(chlorhexidine superior in some studies)
(false, same bacterial load)
What is the incidence of single glove perforations is? • a. 0-11% • b. 5-17% • c. 12-31% • d. 13-33%
C 12-31%
What is the incidence of perforations of the inner glove when a double glove technique is used?
• a. 0-2%
• b. 3-13%
• c. 5-15%
• d. The premise if false, there is no difference between double and single gloving
B 3-13%
Floor bacteria has been reported to contribute up to what percent of airborne bacteria? • a. 5% • b. 10% • c. 15% • d. 20%
C 15%
How many air changes per hour should there be in an appropriately ventilated operating room? (with horizontal laminar flow) • a. 5 per hour • b. 10 per hour • c. 15 per hour • d. 20 per hour
C 15 per hr
Which of the following terms is NOT matched appropriately with the definition?
• Prevalence: number of instances of disease (new and old) in a known population at a designated time
• Incidence: the number of new cases of disease that occur in a known population over a designated period of time
• Epidemic: the background rate of disease, present as sporadic infections
• Syndrome: A clinical sign or group of clinical signs that characterize a disease
C is false
endemic, epidemic is occurence of disease in excess of endemic rate
Define the type of surveillance: passive
• Involves the analysis of certain clinical signs that may be indicators of an infectious disease. It is often used as a measure to identify outbreaks in complex populations that are not easy to monitor otherwise.
• Involves the use of data that are already available, such as medical record data, admission data, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing results, and other types of diagnostic testing data.
• Sampling of the hospital for surveillance of pathogens
• Usually involves screening of patients for infection or colonization with specific pathogens.
B is correct
Which is an example of passive surveillance?
• Collection of nasal and rectal swabs from all animals being admitted to a hospital, whether or not they have signs of infection, to screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
• After the stalls have been cleaned and disinfected, many equine hospitals perform routine cultures of stalls that have housed horses with diarrhea
• Monitoring work or school absences or over-the-counter drug prescriptions can be used as an indication that a disease outbreak might be present among people in a community
• Using records to review for incision infection monitoring.
A is active
B is environmental
C is (syndromic)
D is passive
What is NOT an indication for routine environmental surveillance?
• Testing stalls for Salmonella if they housed horses with diarrhea
• A quality control assessment to be used periodically high-level disinfection
• Routine testing of various surfaces in the hospital to detect potential multi drug resistant bacteria
• Biologic indicators for autoclave quality control
C(Routine testing is NOT helpful- a hospital will never be sterile. If there is an outbreak need to test specific areas with a predetermined action plan
D (THE BEST USE)
B (not the best use, but ok)
Which of the following is true?
• A infection control practitioner is a doctor that with advanced training in epidemiology.
• A successful surveillance program utilizes a written plan, with consistency over time, appropriate personnel resources and mandates, and is reviewed annually.
• Creating your own program for your individual hospital is a challenge because there are no resources for veterinarians
• Cost of surveillance is just offset by cost to the patients/owners
B is true
Infection control practitioner is typically a technician, and the most helpful person. Epidemiologist is a physician
(http://www.ccar-ccra.com/)
(also publicity, with the economic cost, and employee risks if zoonotic)
Which of the following is true?
A Mechanical cleaners are preferable and more efficacious than manual cleaning for all instruments
B Sterilization is an absolute term: process of destroying all microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, spores, fungi, and prions
C The Spaulding classification scheme breaks sterilization down into high-level, intermediate-level, and low-level
D It is unnecessary to clean all instruments prior to sterilization
B true
A manual cleaning is preferable for certain delicate instruments but is less efficacious than mechanical
C Spaulding = critical, semi-critical, and non-critical)
D clean that shit.
T/F Filtered medical-grade compressed air is the only approved method for drying instruments
True
