1.1a- Skeletal & Muscular- Joints & Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial Joints

A

an area where 2 or more articulating bones meet

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2
Q

Tendons Structure

A

Very strong, non-elastic cords

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3
Q

Tendons Function

A

attach muscle to bone

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4
Q

Bursae Structure

A

Sac filled with liquid floating inside the joint

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5
Q

Bursae Function

A

reduce friction between tendon and bone

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6
Q

Cartilage Structure

A

a tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between bones

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7
Q

Cartilage Function

A

Support, covers ends of bones and prevents them rubbing

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8
Q

Synovial Fluid Structure

A

Clear slippery liquid/fluid

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9
Q

Synovial Fluid Function

A

lubricates the joints & reduces friction between bones

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10
Q

Ligaments structure

A

Bands of elastic fibre

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11
Q

Ligaments function

A

attach bone to bone and keep joints stable by restricting movements

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12
Q

Synovial Membrane structure

A

Lining inside the joint capsule, covers all internal surfaces except for cartilage

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13
Q

Synovial membrane function

A

secretes synovial fluid

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14
Q

Joint Capsule function

A

stops the escape of synovial fluid, encloses, supports and hold the joint together.

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15
Q

Types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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16
Q

Long Bones Structure

A

found in limbs, longer than they are wide, have a shaft known as diaphysis and 2 expanded ends.

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17
Q

Short bones structure

A

Small, light, strong, cube shaped bones (with cancellous bones. Surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone

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18
Q

Flat bones structure

A

thin, flattened, and usually curved with a large SA

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19
Q

Irregular bones structure

A

complex shaped bones that don’t fit into any other category

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20
Q

Sesamoid bones structure

A

specialised function and usually found within a tendon. Provide a smooth surface for tendons to slide over.

21
Q

Long bone function & examples

A

Movement, leverage, support, production of red blood cells
Femur, tibia, humerus- running in athletics

22
Q

short bone function & examples

A

Fine movements, shock absorption, stability, weight bearing

carpals, tarsals- handstand in gymnastics

23
Q

Flat bone function & examples

A

muscle attachment, protection

sternum, scapula, cranium- rugby tackle

24
Q

Sesamoid bone function and examples

A

protection, reduction of friction in joints

patella- squatting and jumping in a workout

25
Irregular bone function & examples
spinal cord protection and movement vertebrae- backbend in gymnastics
26
5 sections of the vertebral column
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
27
cervical vertebrae
7- neck
28
thoracic vertebrae
12- upper back
29
Lumbar vertebrae
5- lower back
30
sacral vertebrae
5 fused vertebrae- pelvis
31
coccyx
4 fused vertebrae tailbone
32
How many total vertebrae are there?
33 vertebrae
33
Kyphosis
Hunched back- spinal curvature
34
Scoliosis
Sideways curvature of the spine
35
Lordosis
Excessive curvature
36
Hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one direction
37
Ball & Socket joint
rounded end of one bone fits into a cup like end of another bone. Allows movement in all directions (like hip & shoulder)
38
Condyloid joint
bump in one bone sits on the hollow of another. Allows most movements other than rotation (wrist)
39
Gliding joint
allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles
40
Pivot joint
rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus. Allows controlled rotation
41
saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation. Similar to condyloid except surfaces are concave & convex.
42
Axial Skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column- centre of the body
43
Appendicular skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it. Outer section
44
Fibrous Joint
immovable joint
45
Fibrous joint example
skull (cranium)
46
cartilaginous joints
slightly moveable joints
47
Cartilaginous joint example
vertebral column
48
Synovial joint
freely movable joint