1.1a- Skeletal & Muscular- Joints & Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial Joints

A

an area where 2 or more articulating bones meet

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2
Q

Tendons Structure

A

Very strong, non-elastic cords

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3
Q

Tendons Function

A

attach muscle to bone

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4
Q

Bursae Structure

A

Sac filled with liquid floating inside the joint

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5
Q

Bursae Function

A

reduce friction between tendon and bone

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6
Q

Cartilage Structure

A

a tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between bones

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7
Q

Cartilage Function

A

Support, covers ends of bones and prevents them rubbing

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8
Q

Synovial Fluid Structure

A

Clear slippery liquid/fluid

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9
Q

Synovial Fluid Function

A

lubricates the joints & reduces friction between bones

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10
Q

Ligaments structure

A

Bands of elastic fibre

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11
Q

Ligaments function

A

attach bone to bone and keep joints stable by restricting movements

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12
Q

Synovial Membrane structure

A

Lining inside the joint capsule, covers all internal surfaces except for cartilage

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13
Q

Synovial membrane function

A

secretes synovial fluid

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14
Q

Joint Capsule function

A

stops the escape of synovial fluid, encloses, supports and hold the joint together.

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15
Q

Types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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16
Q

Long Bones Structure

A

found in limbs, longer than they are wide, have a shaft known as diaphysis and 2 expanded ends.

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17
Q

Short bones structure

A

Small, light, strong, cube shaped bones (with cancellous bones. Surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone

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18
Q

Flat bones structure

A

thin, flattened, and usually curved with a large SA

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19
Q

Irregular bones structure

A

complex shaped bones that don’t fit into any other category

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20
Q

Sesamoid bones structure

A

specialised function and usually found within a tendon. Provide a smooth surface for tendons to slide over.

21
Q

Long bone function & examples

A

Movement, leverage, support, production of red blood cells
Femur, tibia, humerus- running in athletics

22
Q

short bone function & examples

A

Fine movements, shock absorption, stability, weight bearing

carpals, tarsals- handstand in gymnastics

23
Q

Flat bone function & examples

A

muscle attachment, protection

sternum, scapula, cranium- rugby tackle

24
Q

Sesamoid bone function and examples

A

protection, reduction of friction in joints

patella- squatting and jumping in a workout

25
Q

Irregular bone function & examples

A

spinal cord protection and movement

vertebrae- backbend in gymnastics

26
Q

5 sections of the vertebral column

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

27
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

7- neck

28
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

12- upper back

29
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5- lower back

30
Q

sacral vertebrae

A

5 fused vertebrae- pelvis

31
Q

coccyx

A

4 fused vertebrae tailbone

32
Q

How many total vertebrae are there?

A

33 vertebrae

33
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunched back- spinal curvature

34
Q

Scoliosis

A

Sideways curvature of the spine

35
Q

Lordosis

A

Excessive curvature

36
Q

Hinge joint

A

Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one direction

37
Q

Ball & Socket joint

A

rounded end of one bone fits into a cup like end of another bone. Allows movement in all directions (like hip & shoulder)

38
Q

Condyloid joint

A

bump in one bone sits on the hollow of another. Allows most movements other than rotation (wrist)

39
Q

Gliding joint

A

allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles

40
Q

Pivot joint

A

rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus. Allows controlled rotation

41
Q

saddle joint

A

type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation. Similar to condyloid except surfaces are concave & convex.

42
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column- centre of the body

43
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it. Outer section

44
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

immovable joint

45
Q

Fibrous joint example

A

skull (cranium)

46
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

slightly moveable joints

47
Q

Cartilaginous joint example

A

vertebral column

48
Q

Synovial joint

A

freely movable joint