1.1a- Skeletal & Muscular- Joints & Bones Flashcards
Synovial Joints
an area where 2 or more articulating bones meet
Tendons Structure
Very strong, non-elastic cords
Tendons Function
attach muscle to bone
Bursae Structure
Sac filled with liquid floating inside the joint
Bursae Function
reduce friction between tendon and bone
Cartilage Structure
a tough but flexible tissue that acts as a buffer between bones
Cartilage Function
Support, covers ends of bones and prevents them rubbing
Synovial Fluid Structure
Clear slippery liquid/fluid
Synovial Fluid Function
lubricates the joints & reduces friction between bones
Ligaments structure
Bands of elastic fibre
Ligaments function
attach bone to bone and keep joints stable by restricting movements
Synovial Membrane structure
Lining inside the joint capsule, covers all internal surfaces except for cartilage
Synovial membrane function
secretes synovial fluid
Joint Capsule function
stops the escape of synovial fluid, encloses, supports and hold the joint together.
Types of bones
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
Long Bones Structure
found in limbs, longer than they are wide, have a shaft known as diaphysis and 2 expanded ends.
Short bones structure
Small, light, strong, cube shaped bones (with cancellous bones. Surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone
Flat bones structure
thin, flattened, and usually curved with a large SA
Irregular bones structure
complex shaped bones that don’t fit into any other category
Sesamoid bones structure
specialised function and usually found within a tendon. Provide a smooth surface for tendons to slide over.
Long bone function & examples
Movement, leverage, support, production of red blood cells
Femur, tibia, humerus- running in athletics
short bone function & examples
Fine movements, shock absorption, stability, weight bearing
carpals, tarsals- handstand in gymnastics
Flat bone function & examples
muscle attachment, protection
sternum, scapula, cranium- rugby tackle
Sesamoid bone function and examples
protection, reduction of friction in joints
patella- squatting and jumping in a workout
Irregular bone function & examples
spinal cord protection and movement
vertebrae- backbend in gymnastics
5 sections of the vertebral column
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
cervical vertebrae
7- neck
thoracic vertebrae
12- upper back
Lumbar vertebrae
5- lower back
sacral vertebrae
5 fused vertebrae- pelvis
coccyx
4 fused vertebrae tailbone
How many total vertebrae are there?
33 vertebrae
Kyphosis
Hunched back- spinal curvature
Scoliosis
Sideways curvature of the spine
Lordosis
Excessive curvature
Hinge joint
Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits motion in only one direction
Ball & Socket joint
rounded end of one bone fits into a cup like end of another bone. Allows movement in all directions (like hip & shoulder)
Condyloid joint
bump in one bone sits on the hollow of another. Allows most movements other than rotation (wrist)
Gliding joint
allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles
Pivot joint
rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna and humerus. Allows controlled rotation
saddle joint
type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation. Similar to condyloid except surfaces are concave & convex.
Axial Skeleton
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column- centre of the body
Appendicular skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it. Outer section
Fibrous Joint
immovable joint
Fibrous joint example
skull (cranium)
cartilaginous joints
slightly moveable joints
Cartilaginous joint example
vertebral column
Synovial joint
freely movable joint
