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M11 > 11.9 flight controls > Flashcards

11.9 flight controls Flashcards

1
Q

define a primary flight control

A

flight controls that provide movement around the 3 axis

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2
Q

what are the primary flight controls

A

ailerons, elevators, rudder

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3
Q

for steady flight what state must an aircraft be in

A

state of balance

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4
Q

what do the ailerons control and along what axis

A

roll around the longitudinal axis

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5
Q

where are the ailerons located

A

outboard trailing edge, sometimes inboard

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6
Q

what movement do elevators control and around what axis

A

pitch, around the lateral axis

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7
Q

what movement do rudders control and around what axis

A

yaw, around the vertical axis

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7
Q

what is static balancing

A

object remains stationary when supported by the centre of gravity

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8
Q

what 2 ways can surface be out of static balance

A

underbalance, overbalance

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9
Q

does static balancing add weight behind or in front the hinge line

A

behind

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10
Q

what is dynamic balancing

A

all rotating forces are balanced

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11
Q

what do you need to do if you carry out repair on flight control surfaces

A

re-balance them

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12
Q

what are the 3 most common rebalancing methods

A

calculation method, scale method, balance beam method

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13
Q

what is the main advantage of calculation balancing

A

you dont have to remove the control surface from the aircraft

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14
Q

what is used in the balance beam method

A

specially fabricated tool

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15
Q

what materials are usually used to balance control surfaces

A

lead or steel

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16
Q

what do some larger aircraft use to balance control surfaces

A

depleted uranium

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17
Q

what does aircraft rigging do

A

adjusts the travel of flight controls

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18
Q

how do you adjust flight control travel

A

adjusting cables and electronic controls

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19
Q

whats the use of a rig pin

A

used to check correct positions

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20
Q

what position do rigging pins set flight controls in

A

neutral

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21
Q

whats the function of the stick shaker

A

warning of stall

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22
Q

what is pitch attitude

A

angle between the longitudinal axis and the horizon

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23
Q

what is AOA

A

angle of attack

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24
Q

define angle of attack

A

angle between oncoming air or relative wind and aircraft wing

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25
Q

if the angle of attack get too high what happens to the airflow over the wing

A

separates from the wing

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26
Q

what angle of attack gives maximum lift

A

14 degrees

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27
Q

what are the 5 common types of trim system

A

trim tabs, servo tabs, balance tabs, spring tabs, anti balance/servo

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28
Q

whats the only flight trim tab that goes the same direction as the flight control

A

anti balance/servo

29
Q

whats yaw trim controlled by

A

rotary knob

30
Q

whats ALA

A

active load alleviation

31
Q

what load control techniques are used to reduce loads in manoeuvring

A

manoeuvre load control, gust load alleviation

32
Q

employing EMC and GLA can result in what

A

weight saving and the same weight for larger wwingspan

33
Q

whats the strategy behind manoeuvre load control

A

use the wings control surfaces to move the centre of lift inboard

34
Q

whats the strategy behind gust load alleviation

A

fly by wire aircraft deflect surfaces to battle gust loads

35
Q

what is the function of trailing edge flaps

A

increase camber of the wing and increase lift and slow speed control

36
Q

what are the 5 kinds of trailing edge flaps

A

plain, split, slotted, fowler, fowler slotted

37
Q

whats the most simple form of trailing edge flap

A

plain flap

38
Q

whats the most common trailing edge flap in use today

A

slotted flaps

39
Q

what type of flap do most large aircraft also have

A

leading edge flaps

40
Q

when are ground spoilers used

A

on ground

41
Q

when are flight/roll spoilers used

A

in flight

42
Q

when are speed brakes used

A

in flight

43
Q

what are control cable sizes and typically made from

A

7x7 and 7x19 made from flexible steel

44
Q

what are used to guide control cables along their length

A

fairleads

45
Q

what could incorrect tension on control cables cause

A

loss of control on flight surfaces

46
Q

whats used to measure flight cable tension

A

tensiometer

47
Q

why do some aircraft use tension regulators

A

because of change in temperature and condition

48
Q

when is the only time cables have strength

A

under tension

49
Q

when is the time push/pull rods have strength

A

always

50
Q

whats a disadvantage of push pull rods

A

cant go around corners and are heavier

51
Q

whats used on push pull rods to check the thread engagement

A

witness holes

52
Q

what do bell cranks do

A

change direction of movement

53
Q

whats installed when a angular or twisting motion is needed

A

torque tubes

54
Q

when are screwjacks used

A

on flight surfaces that undergo alot of aerodynamic loads

55
Q

what are PCUs

A

power control units

56
Q

what is the servo control unit divided into

A

power section, distribution section

57
Q

what are the 2 main operating modes of the servo control unit

A

control/active mode, damping mode

58
Q

in power assisted control, what assists the pilot in moving flight control surfaces

A

hydraulics

59
Q

in the servo control unit what is always proportional to the follow up movement

A

input movement

60
Q

in a fully powered control explain the movement the pilot makes and the flight control feedback

A

the pilot feels no feedback from the flight control as they are not connected

61
Q

when are pneumatic systems used for flight control movement

A

usually back up systems

62
Q

during operation below cruise speed what mode is the PCU in

A

normal mode

63
Q

what are the 3 modes of the PCU

A

normal, blocking/damped, bypass

64
Q

what PCU

A

power control unit

65
Q

what is FBW

A

fly by wire

66
Q

how is fly by wire stability achieved

A

three gyroscopes

67
Q

what is BITE

A

built in test equipment

68
Q

what are the 2 laws associated with fly by wire

A

normal law, alternate law

69
Q

when does mach tuck happen

A

when an aircraft transitions through the transonic region

70
Q

aircraft using mechanical flight controls will lock then on the ground, how

A

using gust locks

71
Q
A

M11 (15 decks)

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