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M11 > 11.13 landing gears > Flashcards

11.13 landing gears Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 main landing gear configurations

A

tail wheel, tricycle-type, tandem

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2
Q

where are the main landing gears usually located

A

around the centre of gravity

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3
Q

where is the tail wheel configuration mostly used

A

propeller, light aircraft

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4
Q

whats the most common landing gear configuration

A

tricycle configuration

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5
Q

whats the most uncommon landing gear configuration

A

tandem

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6
Q

where are fixed landing gears found

A

low speed, light aircrfat

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7
Q

whats the MLG

A

main landing gear

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8
Q

what does the trunnion link do on the MLG

A

connects the top of the leg to the wing structure, allows it to rotate

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9
Q

what 2 cylinders does a shock strut have

A

outer and inner

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10
Q

what do the upper and lower torsion links allow to extend

A

the strut

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11
Q

what does the side strut do

A

resist lateral or sideways movement

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12
Q

what does the gear down lock ensure

A

two parts cant fold together when extended

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13
Q

how does the down lock work

A

goes into an over centre position

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14
Q

whats the use of a shortening link

A

shortens the gear during retraction

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15
Q

whats the NLG

A

nose landing gear

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16
Q

on the NLG what does the torque link damper do

A

prevents wheel shimmy

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17
Q

what can existing shock absorbers be divided into

A

solid, oleo-pneumatic

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18
Q

what are main gear shock struts serviced wiht

A

nitrogen gas and hydraulic fluid

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19
Q

whats are the 3 positions of the LG control lever

A

up, off, down

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20
Q

when retracted what locks the gear in place

A

mechanical up-lock hook

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21
Q

in an emergency how will the landing gears be extended

A

an actuator will release the up-lock and the gears will free fall

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22
Q

what does the green indication mean in the cockpit

A

down and locked

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23
Q

what does the red indication mean in the cockpit

A

unlocked or traveling

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24
Q

what does no light indication mean in the cockpit

A

up and locked

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25
Q

how do microswitches operate

A

at very high speeds when in contact with an object

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26
Q

what are proximity switches at high risk of

A

dirt or moisture

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27
Q

what are the 2 types of proximity switch

A

reed, electronic

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28
Q

how can it be checked in the landing gear that its down and locked in the event of system failure

A

visual glass panels

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29
Q

what prevents the heat from the breaks damaging the tyres

A

heat shield

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30
Q

what temperature can the breaks reach

A

1000 degrees celcius

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31
Q

what bearings do wheels have

A
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32
Q

what are the 3 common aircraft brakes

A

single disc, dual disc, multiple disc

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33
Q

what energy converts to what when using the brake unit

A

kinetic to heat energy

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34
Q

where must you approach a tyre from if the brakes overheat

A

from the rolling direction

35
Q

what aircraft use single disc brakes

A

small, light aircraft

36
Q

what are the rotors and stators made of in the heat pack

A

carbon or steel

37
Q

modern heat and brake pack assemblies have rotors and stators made from what

A

carbon fibre

38
Q

carbon brakes last how much longer than steel brakes

A

20-50%

39
Q

how much lighter are carbon heat packs then steel

A

40%

40
Q

what is the brake piston housing made from

A

forged aluminium alloy

41
Q

how do we look at the amount of break wear

A

wear indicator pin

42
Q

how do we know when the heat pack is fully worn

A

the indicator pin is flush

43
Q

how does the brake control/metering valve work

A

reacts to force on breaks

44
Q

whats the function of brake deboosters

A

apply force over different sized pistons to reduce pressure

45
Q

whats ABS

A

anti-lock braking system

46
Q

what is maximum braking efficiency

A

wheels are decelerating at max rate but not skidding

47
Q

what are control unit also known as in the anti skid system

A

brain

48
Q

why must brakes not be applied immediately after touchdown

A

could cause a tyre blowout

49
Q

what can the auto brake system do

A

stop the aircraft at selected deceleration without pilot input

50
Q

when do auto brakes deactivate

A

the pilot presses the pedals

51
Q

what are the different types of tyres

A

type I, type III, type VII, type VIII

52
Q

describe type I tyres

A

design is no longer active, used on fixed gear aircraft

53
Q

describe type III tyres

A

general aviation tyres, light aircraft

54
Q

describe type VII tyres

A

high performance tyres, jet aircraft

55
Q

describe type VIII tyres

A

high pressure and high speed, most advanced tyres on jets today

56
Q

what is ply rating with tyres

A

relative strength

57
Q

aircraft tyres can be classified as what 2 things

A

tubed or tubeless

58
Q

what does radial ply allow for the tyres

A

high loads with minimal deformation

59
Q

what 4 regions can tyres be split into

A

bead, carcass plies, tread, sidewall

60
Q

what are beads in tyres

A

steel wires embedded in the rubber

61
Q

what issue does the tread minimise in bad weather

A

hydroplaning

62
Q

what are awl marks on tyres

A

green/grey paint marks to show where entrapped gasses where released in manufacture

63
Q

what tyre thread is used on the nose wheel

A

chine tread

64
Q

when inspecting tyres what would make it need replacing in terms with the tread

A

less than 2mm deep for more than 25% of the thread

65
Q

how many times can an aircraft wheel be re-treaded before they are scrapped

A

10

66
Q

how do dry braking flats occur

A

tyre locks while on dry surface

67
Q

when does a wet braking flat occur

A

tyre locks while on wet surface

68
Q

when must a tyre be removed in terms with inflation

A

when its less than 80% of the required psi

69
Q

when can sidewall cracking occur

A

tyre experiences high deflection or weathering

70
Q

how can braking damage the tyre

A

because of its high heat

71
Q

where must tyres be store

A

cool, dry environment out of direct sunlight

72
Q

what is differential breaking

A

operating the breaks on one side of the aircraft and not the other

73
Q

whats is NWS

A

nose wheel steering

74
Q

can torque links prevent nose wheel shimmy

A

not effective at it

75
Q

how can shimmy be controlled on the nose wheel

A

damping

76
Q

before a nose wheel retracts, because it is movable what must it do

A

self centre

77
Q

what is used to self centre the nose wheel

A

centering cams

78
Q

whats the purpose of the main gear steering

A

reduce tyre scrub and aircrafts turn radius

79
Q

whats the max nose gear steering angle

A

70 degrees

80
Q

whats the max MLG steering angle

A

5-8 degrees

81
Q

what must the nose wheel steering be while towing

A

isolated/locked

82
Q

what is air/ground sensing

A

prevent certain things happening in the air or ground

83
Q

what is WOW

A

weight on wheels

84
Q

where are WOW sensors located

A

main and nose gear shock struts

M11 (15 decks)

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