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M11 > 11.10 fuel systems > Flashcards

11.10 fuel systems Flashcards

1
Q

what do aircraft fuel systems do

A

store and deliver correct fuel quantities

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2
Q

what must the fuel system provide

A

positive and reliable flow free of contamination

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3
Q

what is in the tank to collect contaminants and where in the tank is it

A

sump and drain at the lowest point in the tank

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4
Q

what are aircraft fitted to ensure they can land at a safe load if theres left over fuel

A

jettison valve

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5
Q

what are trim fuel tanks

A

fuel tanks located in trim tabs

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6
Q

whats the function of wing tip vent/surge tanks

A

ensure the fuel tanks are well ventilated

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7
Q

what 2 types of aircraft fuel line can there be

A

flexible or rigid

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8
Q

what are rigid fuel lines often made of

A

stainless steel or aluminium alloy

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9
Q

what fittings are used on rigid lines

A

military standard, navy standard

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10
Q

whats the material of the fuel lines used in engine compartments and why

A

stainless steel, susceptible to debris, abrasion and heat

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11
Q

where are flexible fuel lines used

A

areas of vibration

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12
Q

if a fuel line fitting is found leaking what must first be done

A

fitting must be re-tightened to the correct torque

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13
Q

what must all metal fuel lines be

A

electrically bonded and grounded to the aircraft

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14
Q

what are the 2 basic fuel types

A

reciprocating engine fuel (AVGAS), turbine engine fuel (jet fuel)

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15
Q

what is AVGAS made from and the process to get it

A

crude oil, fractional distillation

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of turbine engine fuel

A

jet A1, jet A, jet B

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17
Q

whats the density of jet A1 and jet A

A

0.81kg/litre

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18
Q

whats the freezing point of jet A

A

-40 degrees celcius

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19
Q

whats the freezing point of jet A1

A

-47 degrees celcius

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20
Q

whats the fash point range for jet A and jet A1

A

43-65 degrees celcius

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21
Q

whats the freezing point of jet B

A

-50 degrees celcius

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22
Q

why are dyes used in fuel

A

identify fuel type

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23
Q

are jet fuels dyed

A

no

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24
Q

what colour are jet fuels

A

colourless

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25
Q

what do integral fuel tanks provide

A

greatest space volume at lowest weight

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26
Q

whats the most common place for integral fuel tanks

A

wings

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27
Q

what do integral fuel tanks use to stop the fuel moving around in flight

A

baffles

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28
Q

what do baffle check valves do in integral fuel tanks

A

let fuel move inboard but prevent it moving outboard

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29
Q

whats the function of nitrogen generating systems

A

improve safety by reducing risk of fuel tank explosions

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30
Q

what is NEA

A

nitrogen enriched air

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31
Q

what two ways does the nitrogen supply system operate

A

low flow, high flow

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32
Q

when is the low flow nitrogen used

A

after takeoff, during climb, cruise

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33
Q

what can a fuel leak be repaired replacing

A

gasket or seal

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34
Q

what are the 4 classifications of fuel leaks

A

stain, seep, heavy seep, running leak

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35
Q

what size is considered a stain fuel leak

A

3/4 inch

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36
Q

what size is considered a seep fuel leak

A

3/4 - 1.5 inches

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37
Q

what size is considered a heavy seep fuel leak

A

1.5 - 4 inches

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38
Q

what size of leak is a running leak

A

puddle of dropping from part of the system

39
Q

what does the SFAR 88 state

A

permanent safety of fuel tanks from the aircraft and component manufacturers

40
Q

whats CDCCL

A

critical design control configuration limitations

41
Q

before entering any fuel tank what must happen

A

drained and purged

42
Q

what 2 people must there be when entering fuel tanks

A

fuel take entrant, standby person

43
Q

theres air supplies for the fuel tank entrant and standby person, whats the minimum air supply per person

A

170 l/min

44
Q

when are gravity fuel feed systems use

A

when the wings are higher than the engine

45
Q

what aircraft cannot use gravity fuel systems

A

low wing aircraft

46
Q

what type of fuel supply system do low wing aircraft use

A

pump system

47
Q

what type of aircraft use injection fuel systems

A

high wing, single engine

48
Q

what are the 5 subsystems of jet engine fuel supply systems

A

storage, vent, distribution, feed, indicating

49
Q

whats the most common type of fuel pump on large high performance aircraft

A

centrifugal pump

50
Q

where are centrifugal pumps located

A

in the fuel tank

51
Q

what is used to remove foreign objects from the fuel

A

filters or mesh

52
Q

what are the 2 major types of weight limit that aircraft shouldnt exceed

A

maximum takeoff, maximum landing

53
Q

what does the dumping/jettison system allow the crew to do

A

dumb fuel overboard to prevent exceeding maximum landing weight

54
Q

what does the jettison system ensure

A

you can dump fuel but ensures enough is kept for a go around

55
Q

what are fuel vent systems designed to do

A

prevent build up of pressure in the fuel tanks

56
Q

what are surge tanks used for

A

overflow fuel and prevent fuel spillage when fuelling aircraft

57
Q

are surge tanks used for fuel storage

A

no

58
Q

whats the function of flapper valves

A

prevent fuel traveling outboard during manoeuvres

59
Q

for safety are drain valves operated manually or automatically

A

manually

60
Q

what does the fuel transfer system allow

A

movement of fuel between tanks

61
Q

when can the defuel valve be opened

A

only on ground

62
Q

what do the fuel indicating systems on aircraft monitor

A

current conditions, unsatisfactory conditions

63
Q

how many fuel flow indicators are there per engine

A

1

64
Q

where is the fuel temp sensor usually located

A

main fuel tank

65
Q

where are low fuel pressure sensors located

A

boost pump outlet line

66
Q

what fuel quantity system do large and high performance aircraft employ

A

electronic fuel quantity systems

67
Q

what is a capacitor

A

device that stores electricity

68
Q

how many concentric plates are there per fuel tank

A

2

69
Q

what is used to manually check fuel level on aircraft

A

measuring sticks

70
Q

what different types of warning can there be on aircraft

A

visual, audible

71
Q

with fuel transfer valves what light shows with abnormal fligtht conditions

A

light dim

72
Q

with fuel transfer valves what light shows with transit

A

light bright

73
Q

with fuel transfer valves what light shows with normal flight condition

A

light off

74
Q

where are all the indicators shown

A

glass cockpit display

75
Q

what are the 2 ways we can refuel

A

gravity, pressure

76
Q

what is the most common method of refuelling an aircraft

A

pressure

77
Q

where is the refuelling control panell

A

leading edge of wing

78
Q

what do refuelling couplings have to protect them from dity

A

caps

79
Q

what are the 3 modes of pressure refuelling

A

manual, automatic, override

80
Q

describe manual refuelling

A

calculate fuel distribution

81
Q

describe automatic refuelling

A

computer takes pre selection loads and calculates distribution

82
Q

describe override refuelling

A

no electrical power to refuelling valves available

83
Q

what part of the wing are refuelling valves generally attached to

A

front or rear spar

84
Q

are solenoid operated refuelling valves fail safe

A

yes

85
Q

what happens when power is disconnected from solenoid operated refuelling vales

A

valve closes

86
Q

what are the 2 methods for defueling aircraft

A

pressure, suction

87
Q

whats the minimum suction required for suction defueling

A

10-15 psi

88
Q

what psi is used for pressure defueling

A

25-50 psi

89
Q

does suction defueling need aircraft power

A

no

90
Q

how big is the fuelling zone

A

6m (20ft)

91
Q

how far out must no smoking signs be when fuelling

A

15m (50ft)

92
Q

what does longitudinal static stability depend on

A

location of centre of gravity

93
Q

what helps longitudinal balance when the plane if flying and using fuel

A

trim tabs

M11 (15 decks)

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