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History > 11.8 test > Flashcards

11.8 test Flashcards

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1
Q

Annexation

A

Adding to something larger or more important; for example, the annexation of a territory.

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2
Q

Acquisition

A

The act of getting or obtaining something.

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3
Q

Affirmative Action

A

a set of policies and practices designed to increase opportunities for minorities and women to help ensure fair treatment and to address past discrimination.

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4
Q

Aggression

A

Actions performed with intent to harm

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5
Q

Amendment

A

A change in the US Constitution.

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6
Q

Appeasement

A

Giving in to the demands of a hostile nation in order to maintain peace.

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7
Q

Arsenal

A

A collection or storehouse of weapons.

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8
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which an immigrant becomes part of the American culture and society.

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9
Q

Back-to-Africa

A

Marcus Garvey’s idea based on the concept that African-Americans would never be truly integrated into American society and thus should return to Africa

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10
Q

Balanced Budget

A

A spending plan in which government expenses do not exceed government income.

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11
Q

Clear and Present Danger

A

“Clear and Present Danger” is a principle from the Supreme Court case Schenck v. United States. Justice Holmes ruled that Schenck was guilty of urging draftees to resist World War l.

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12
Q

Base (military)

A

A protected area that holds an army.

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13
Q

Big Stick

A

Theodore Roosevelt expressed his willingness to use military strength, especially the Navy, to enforce US foreign policy and protect US interests overseas.

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14
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first ten amendments to the US Constitution that describe, for the most part, the civil rights of individuals.

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15
Q

Buying on Margin

A

Purchasing stock with a partial payment.

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16
Q

Cabinet

A

Appointed officials who head government departments and act as advisors to the President.

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17
Q

Census

A

An official counting of the population. The US census is conducted every 10 years; the results are used as a basis for representation in the House of Representatives as well as for certain types of government funding.

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18
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

excluded Chinese immigration for 10 years and also excluded criminals, the mentally ill, and other persons likely to become a burden to the public

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19
Q

Civil Liberties

A

The freedoms and protections found in the Bill of Rights

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20
Q

Civil Rights

A

Rights guaranteed to citizens of the United States by the Constitution and by the laws of the nation and states.

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21
Q

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A

New Deal agency which provided conservation jobs for young, unemployed men.

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22
Q

Desegregation

A

Ending of the separation of the black and white races.

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23
Q

Détente

A

efforts to ease tensions among rival powers; a reduction in tension or hostility, usually between nations, by means such as treaties, trade agreements, or cultural exchanges.

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24
Q

Colonialism

A

The taking of other lands by a nation for its economic and/or military use.

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25
Q

Communism

A

Economic and political system based on the ownership of property by the community. Under communism, the people lost their individual rights. Everyone has everything equal.

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26
Q

Containment

A

US policy following World War II attempting to prevent the spread of communism in other areas of the world.

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27
Q

Calvin Coolidge

A

president believed in laissez-fair

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28
Q

Democracy

A

A government in which power is held by the people through direct involvement or elected representatives.

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29
Q

Dictatorship

A

Form of government in which the power to govern is held by one person or small group.

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30
Q

Dust Bowl

A

A region in the United States where topsoil was lost by wind erosion in the 1930’s.

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31
Q

Duke Ellington

A

Black Jazz and blues artist of the Harlem Renaissance

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32
Q

Equal Pay Act

A

law protected women from being paid less than men for the same work.

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33
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

Black Americans exhibited great pride in their heritage and creative achievements during the 1920s and 1930s through music, literature, and art.

34
Q

Hoover Blankets

A

A slang term used during the Depression for the use of newspapers and rags to keep the homeless warm.

35
Q

Hoovervilles

A

A slang term used to describe the living conditions of those most hurt by the Great Depression. Families who had lost their homes and had no employment were left to construct homes out of discarded timber and cardboard.

36
Q

Langston Hughes

A

Black writer of the Harlem Renaissance (1920’s) who used jazz and blues themes and rhythms in his poetry. His work speaks to Black pride and the injustice/hurt of discrimination.

37
Q

Gentlemen’s Agreement

A

Japan agreed not to issue passports for laborers seeking work in the United States, in exchange for an end to segregating Asian children.

38
Q

GI Bill

A

Also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act. This act authorized billions of dollars to pay for veteran’s benefits such as college education, medical treatment, unemployment insurance, and home and business loans.

39
Q

Great Depression

A

Period between 1929 and 1941, when unemployment rose to record high of 25% of the workforce, bank failures increased, and business bankruptcies occurred every month.

40
Q

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

A

A book, written in 1890 by Admiral Alfred T. Mahan, that encouraged the United States to become a world power by building a powerful American navy; acquiring islands in the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea; and creating a canal to connect the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

41
Q

Internment

A

Confinement or imprisonment.

42
Q

Internment Camps

A

requiring Japanese Americans to relocate during World War II; also called relocation camps.

43
Q

Immigration Act of 1921

A

Immigration could not exceed 3% of the number of people from that nationality in the U.S. in 1910.

44
Q

Immigration Act of 1924

A

Also known as the National Origins Quota Act. This law reduced immigration and biased it in favor of those from northern and western Europe. See also National Origins Act.

45
Q

Queen Liliuokalani

A

The queen of Hawaii who struggled for power with wealthy American plantation owners until she was overthrown in 1893 by businessmen with United States military support.

46
Q

Alfred T. Mahan

A

navy officer and historian, he published the most influential book on naval theory in modern times, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. He argued for more naval bases and the annexation of colonies, a larger navy, and an improved merchant marine.

47
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

An organization of white supremacists that used lynchings, beatings, and threats to control the black population in the United States

48
Q

Mercantilism

A

economy of the colonies should be controlled by and should benefit the mother country.

49
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

President James Monroe’s policy warning Europe that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits for further colonization. He also advised them not to interfere with the newly independent countries in Latin America.

50
Q

NAACP

A

a group that included people of different races. They worked for equal rights for black people by using lawsuits in federal courts.

51
Q

National Origins Act

A

Congress stopped immigration from East Asia completely and lowered European immigration

52
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

a belief that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand beyond its continental borders to the west.

53
Q

Marshall Plan

A

A plan of economic assistance and recovery for Western Europe formulated by General George Marshall in 1947.

54
Q

William McKinley

A

cautious and traditional president. Taxes on imports increased, the gold standard was adopted, general period of prosperity

55
Q

The New Deal

A

Roosevelt’s programs adopted during the 1930s to advance America’s economic recovery and social welfare.

56
Q

Open Door Policy

A

aimed to ensure fair trade in China. helped protect American trade interests in China and ensured the U.S. could trade there on equal terms with other powerful nations.

57
Q

National Security

A

the measures a country takes to protect itself from threats and ensure the safety and well-being of its people

58
Q

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A

The alliance of nations established in 1949 for the purpose of mutual defense; now includes approximately 15 nations from Canada to Turkey

59
Q

Populism

A

A political movement started by farmers and labor unions to reduce the power of big businesses and give people more influence in government.

60
Q

Progressive Tax

A

The tax on income where the more money a person makes the higher the taxes they pay; also referred to as the graduated income tax.

61
Q

Prosperity

A

high employment and available spending money.

62
Q

Quota

A

limiting the number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States based on how many people from their country were already in the U.S. on a certain date, like the census of 1910 or 1890.

63
Q

Panama Canal

A

linked the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, helping to lower the cost of transporting goods, but also creating a tense relationship between Panama and the Canal Zone occupied by the Americans

64
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

Site of the Japanese attack on Hawaii on December 7, 1941. It provoked the American declaration of war on December 8, 1941.

65
Q

Red Scare

A

Americans feared the growth of communism

66
Q

Relocation Camps

A

Places where Japanese-Americans were required to be housed during World War II, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s

67
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

President Theodore Roosevelt declared that the United States could step in to keep order in Western Hemisphere nations. This was seen as an expansion of the Monroe Doctrine.

68
Q

Schenck v. United States

A

Secretary Schenck, accused of handing out anti-draft materials during World War I. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said free speech isn’t absolute, especially in wartime, comparing it to shouting “fire” in a crowded theater when there’s no fire.

69
Q

Seward’s Folly

A

Nickname for the purchase of Alaska; it was called a folly because most Americans at the time believed Secretary of State William Seward had made a mistake buying what they perceived as worthless land from Russia.

70
Q

Bessie Smith

A

jazz and blues vocal artist of the 1920-1930s.

71
Q

Social Mobility

A

The ability of a person or group of people to move from one economic and/or social class level to another, usually associated with hard work and opportunity.

72
Q

Social Security Act

A

established retirement pensions, unemployment compensation, and financial aid for widows, dependent children, and the handicapped.

73
Q

Spanish-American War

A

happened in Cuba and the Philippines. It resulted in the US gaining control of territories held by Spain, sparked a debate about imperialism, and made the US more involved in Latin American and Asian matters.

74
Q

Stock Market Crash

A

On October 29th, 1929, stock prices dropped dramatically, causing over $15 billion in losses. Many people who had bought stocks with borrowed money, known as buying on margin, were bankrupted. the “crash,” marked the start of the Great Depression.

75
Q

U.S.S. Maine

A

This American battleship was in Havana harbor to protect American lives and property. On February 15, 1898, it exploded, killing 260 crew members. Many thought Spain caused it, but evidence is unclear. Soon after, the US entered the Spanish-American War.

76
Q

Subsidy

A

Financial assistance by the government

77
Q

Temperance Movement

A

The movement which led to Prohibition

78
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

to contain the spread of communism with economic and military aid

79
Q

White Man’s Burden

A

A term associated with Rudyard Kipling. Implied that it was the white races duty to imperialize and spread their culture because it was the “best”

80
Q

Works Project Administration

A

Men and women were employed, during the New Deal, to build public buildings (schools, hospitals) and parks. They were also employed as writers, artists, and musicians.

81
Q

World War I

A

Conflict occurring from 1914–1918 in which Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary (the Triple Alliance) was defeated by the Triple Entente (France, England, and Russia).

82
Q

World War II

A

International conflict beginning in 1939, and included US involvement after 1941. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers.

History (9 decks)

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