11.1 Flashcards
Encomienda System
It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity
New England Geography & Economy
Small farms grow food crops, Long, cold winters, rocky soil, and port cities built on natural harbors.
Middle Colonies Geography
*Longer growing season
*More mild climate
*fertile soil for farming
*Excellent harbors
Southern Colonies Geography
Made money by having slaves grow cash crops on plantations due to rich soil and warm climate.
Maryland Toleration Act
Act that was passed in Maryland that guaranteed toleration to all Christians, regardless of sect but not to those who did not believe in the divinity of Jesus. Though it did not sanction much tolerance, the act was the first seed that would sprout into the first amendment, granting religious freedom to all.
Bartolome de Las Casas
Dominican priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans
Christopher Columbus
An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the “New World,” even though Taino people were already established in the islands he encountered.
colony
A group of people in one place who are ruled by a parent country elsewhere.
Mercantilism
A system of making the mother country rich by acquiring large amounts of gold, silver, and raw materials where you have taken over, only people who did this successfully were the Spanish
Conquistador
A Spanish conqueror of the Americas
Thirteen Colonies
The original united states: Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Virginia
New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Mayflower
In 1620, the boat that the Pilgrims sailed to Plymouth.
Mayflower Compact (1620)
The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.
Taino Indians
the Indians that Christopher Columbus met when he traveled to America (located in modern day Cuba, Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Jamaica and Haiti )
Jamestown, Virginia
the first permanent English settlement, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company for economic reasons
Indentured Servants
Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
African slaves
Workers imported by force; owned by another person; not paid or free to leave
Royal Colonies
Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king’s veto power over colonial laws.
Bacon’s Rebellion
happened because many colonists were unhappy with the government and wanted more protection against Native American attacks.
Middle Passage
A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies
Triangular Trade
A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa
Colombian Exchange
the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
Great Britain
England, Scotland, Wales
Why did the first colonists arrive to America?
1- Religious Freedom or escaping religious persecution 2- Economic Reasons 3- New Adventure 4- Combination
Spanish Colonies
Western Lands like California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Florida, Many Caribbean and Central/South American locations
French Colonies in North America
maintained good relations with Native Americans to obtain furs (beaver, bear, fox pelts) and fishing; natives used them as allies against other rival tribes; only sent small numbers of men mainly for fur trading posts and fishing
Location: Canada, Midwest, Haiti
Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)
First representative assembly in the American colonies. Representatives immediately began to enact laws and to safeguard the individual rights. Setting precedent in the colonies for individual rights protected by law ( British law did not provide for individual rights.)
Navigation Acts
laws passed by British that imposed restrictions on colonial trade.
