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M11 > 11.8 Fire Protection > Flashcards

11.8 Fire Protection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 fire protection systems?

A
  • Fire detection

- fire extinguishing systems

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2
Q

What do all the fire and overheat detection systems have? [3]

A
  • Sensor
  • a control unit
  • panels for warnings
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3
Q

What can be used to detect fire, if the fire source is unknown or in large areas?

A

Smoke detector

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4
Q

Where are temperature sensitive detectors found for overheat detection? [4]

A
  • Engine
  • apu
  • wheel well
  • hot air ducts
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5
Q

What is a simple method of sensors?

A

Spot sensor

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6
Q

What is a spot sensor made out of?

A

Bi-metallic

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7
Q

Where might a spot sensor be found?

A

Pneumatic duct leak detection

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8
Q

What 2 types of continuous loop fire detection are used?

A
  • Semi-conductor

- pneumatic pressure loops

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9
Q

What other names are given to semi-conductor loop detectors? [4]

A
  • Kidde
  • graviner
  • Edison
  • Fenwal
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10
Q

What does the semi conductor do when the temperature increases?

A

Decreases electrical resistance

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11
Q

What is another name for the pneumatic pressure loop detector?

A
  • Systron

- donner loop

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12
Q

How does the pneumatic pressure loop detector work?

A

Sealed tube containing gas.

Pressure increases at high temperatures, operating a pressure switch when the warning level is reached

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13
Q

Where are smoke detectors found? [3]

A
  • Cargo compartment
  • toilets
  • avionic compartments
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14
Q

What are the 2 types of smoke detection?

A
  • Optical

- ionisation type

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15
Q

What functions does the control unit have? [3]

A
  • Receives an electrical signal from sensors to identify normal and alarm conditions,
  • Control test functions,
  • identify fault conditions and activate necessary functions
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16
Q

How does the control unit identify normal and alarm conditions?

A

By measuring the input resistance

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17
Q

What may appear in the cockpit in the event of a fire? [3]

A
  • Aural warning
  • red master warning lights
  • message on ECAM and EICAS
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18
Q

How many loops are there in essential fire warning systems?

A

2

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19
Q

What does dual loop system mean?

A

2 sensor and detection circuits, fire warning only triggered if both detect fire. Prevents false alarm if one has a failure

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20
Q

What would happen in the event of one loop failure in a dual loop system?

A

Faulty loop would deactivate, the other loop would take full responsibility

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21
Q

What must be done before each engine or apu start?

A

Operational test of the fire detection system

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22
Q

What can be used to find a fault with a fire loop?

A

The central maintenance computer system

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23
Q

What 2 features do apu’s have that engines don’t in regards to fire detection?

A
  • Ground warning in the nose and main wheel well (red light and warning sounds)
  • Automatic shut down (some a/c type automatic extinguisher)
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24
Q

When are wheel well detection systems required?

A

When there is no individual brake temperature indication or warning systems

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25
Q

Which wheels are monitored in wheel well detection systems?

A

Main landing gear wheel wells

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26
Q

How many loops does wheel well detection system have?

A

Single

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27
Q

What sensors can be used for pneumatic leak detection?

A

Spot sensors

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28
Q

When will the control unit trigger a crew alarm?

A

When the temperature is too high

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29
Q

What classes of cargo smoke detection is there? [5]

A
  • Class A = baggage compartment; no detection, no extinguishing
  • Class B = cargo compartment that is accessible; detection, no extinguishing
  • Class C = cargo compartment NOT accessible; detection, extinguishing
  • Class D = same as Class C
  • Class E = cargo compartment on freighter; detection, no extinguishing
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30
Q

What components does the cargo smoke detection system have? [3]

A
  • Several smoke detectors
  • Control unit
  • Fire control panel
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31
Q

In larger compartments, what smoke detectors are used?

A

Where air is guided to the detector where low air pressure sucks In air.

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32
Q

What type of smoke detectors are used on smaller cargo compartments?

A

Ones where smoke must directly enter the detector

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33
Q

How many smoke detectors are used

A

2 side by side, both of which must detect smoke for a warning

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34
Q

How many smoke detectors are found in the toilets?

A

1

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35
Q

Where and how many smoke detectors are found in the avionic compartment?

A
  • Equipment cooling duct outlet

- 1

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36
Q

How many internal wires are found in Fenwal, graviner and Edison type loops? And where is earth connected to?

A
  • One

- outer tube connected to the earth

37
Q

How many internal wires are found in kidde loops? And where is earth connected?

A
  • 2

- earth connected to the lower wire

38
Q

If there is a fire, what figure must resistance have to drop below to trigger an alarm?

A

500 ohms

39
Q

What is done to prevent an open loop and risk fire not being detected?

A

The end of the loop is connected to the beginning

40
Q

If a break was to occur in the loop, would a fire still be detected?

A

Yes, because it is connected to the loop

41
Q

What can be done to confirm the integrity of the continuous loop system?

A

Actuating a test switch

42
Q

What does the fire test confirm?

A

Continuity of sensing elements and integrity of alarm indicator circuits

43
Q

What can cause a short circuit to the semi conductor loop circuit?

A

Rubbing between the loop and structure

44
Q

If one loop detects a fire, How long will you have to wait for an alarm to be triggered or the pilot gets a fault message?

A

15 seconds

45
Q

What is the minimum and maximum bend radius?

A 
Maximum = 3.2 mm
Minimum = 25.4mm
46
Q

What is included in a gas pressure loop? [2]

A
  • Two pressure switches

- a resistor

47
Q

What do each of the pressure switches do? [2]

A
  • 1st = monitor or integrity switch

- 2nd = alarm switch

48
Q

What happens to the monitor switch if there is a drop in pressure?

A

Opens and sends a fault indication to the flight deck

49
Q

How does an optical smoke detector work?

A

Smoke comes through the detector,
The smoke reflects a light that is inside towards a photo resistor,
Decrease in resistance and sets the alarm

50
Q

How can an optical smoke detector be tested?

A

An additional lamp is installed and shines on the photo resistor

51
Q

How do ionisation type smoke detectors work?

A

Analyses the composition of the air because of the different mass of the molecules

52
Q

Which is heavier, smoke or air molecules?

A

Smoke

53
Q

How many chambers does an ionisation type some detector have? And what are they called?

A
  • 2

- Reference chamber and measuring chamber

54
Q

How do ionisation type smoke detectors use a radioactive material to detect smoke?

A

The radioactive material electrically charges the air molecules that flow through the chamber.

55
Q

What type of air causes a high current flow and low resistance?

A

Light air molecules (because they move fast)

56
Q

What type of air has a low current and high resistance?

A

Heavy smoke molecules (because they move slow)

57
Q

What is required for fire? [3]

A
  • Oxygen
  • heat
  • fuel source
58
Q

What can be done to extinguish a fire?

A

Remove 1 of the 3 factors of the fire triangle

59
Q

Where are fire extinguishers found? [4]

A
  • Engine
  • apu
  • the toilets
  • cargo compartments
60
Q

What are the classes of fire? [5]

A
  • A = normal flammable material (paper, wood)
  • B = flammable liquids
  • C = flammable gases
  • D = flammable metals
  • F = cooking oils and fats
61
Q

What 4 types of fire extinguishers are there?

A
  • Water
  • halon
  • carbon dioxide
  • dry chemical powder
62
Q

What are the two types of halon fire extinguishers?

A
  • 1301 (BTM)

- 1211 (BCF)

63
Q

What is the boiling temperature of halon 1301 (BTM)?

A

-60 degrees

64
Q

What type of extinguisher is used as a portable bottle?

A

Halon 1211 (bcf)

65
Q

How far can you attack a fire from with a portable halon 1211? And why?

A
  • 4 meters

- it leaves the bottle as a liquid

66
Q

What must you check on portable fire extinguisher bottles periodically? [2]

A
  • Next date for an overhaul

- Check it hasn’t been used

67
Q

How can you check that a portable fire extinguisher hasn’t been used? [2]

A
  • Pressure gauge indication must be in the green

- Safety pin correctly installed

68
Q

What are the main components of a fire extinguishing system? [3]

A
  • Extinguisher bottle
  • discharge head with cartridge
  • piping with a spray nozzle
69
Q

What Guarantees discharge of the bottle?

A

Nitrogen pressure at 600 psi

70
Q

What are the weights are fire bottles for various locations? [3]

A
  • Cargo compartment = 20kg
  • Engine = 10 kg
  • APU = 5kg
71
Q

How is the bottle opened?

A

By a discharge head and an electrically controlled cartridge

72
Q

What determines the amount of discharge heads?

A

The number of compartments that the bottle must supply

73
Q

What group and how much of explosive powder is there in a discharge head?

A

400milligrams and class C

74
Q

What is the wire called that is heated up by electrical current leading to the discharge cartridge?

A

The squib

75
Q

What is the maximum service life of a cartridge?

A

6 years

76
Q

What 1 component do all bottles have?

A

Pressure switch controlling a light on the flight deck when the pressure drops below 50%

77
Q

What does the bottle have to prevent an overpressure? [2]

A

Overpressure relief function:

  • Same compartment = frangible disk breaks and discharges
  • Different compartment = red frangible disk on side of fuselage breaks and released overboard
78
Q

On the side of the fuselage, what can indicate discharge of the bottle?

A

Yellow frangible disk broken

79
Q

What must be switched off in the event of an engine fire? [3]

A
  • Fuel supply
  • hydraulic supply
  • electric supply
80
Q

What is the firing circuit connected to?

A

Hot battery bus powered by batteries

81
Q

What is done when you operate a squid test?

A

A small current flows through the squib, small enough that it doesn’t fire the cartridge

82
Q

To conform to regulations, what must engine fire extinguishing systems have?

A

2 shot installation

83
Q

How long must you wait before firing the second bottle?

A

30 seconds

84
Q

How many “shots” do you have for apu fire extinguishing ?

A

1

85
Q

What can be found on a cargo compartment fire extinguisher bottle 2 on large aircraft?

A

Flow limiter to guarantee constant halon for 180 minutes

86
Q

Where is the fire extinguisher located in the toilets?

A

In the waste container

87
Q

How does a toilet fire extinguisher work?

A

Fusible end cap melts when a temperature of 80 degrees is reached discharging halon

88
Q

How do you identify a discharged toilet extinguisher bottle?

A

Pressure gauge indication below green

M11 (22 decks)

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