11.6 Language

Question 1

What do empiricist behaviorists believe?

Answer 1

the study of psychology should focus directly on observable environmental factors as opposed to abstract mental states

Question 2

What do rationalist behaviorists believe?

Answer 2

certain ideas and capabilities cannot come from experience and must be innate

Question 3

What do materialist behaviorists believe?

Answer 3

discussion of ideas, linguistics, and expression is a set of convenient metaphors for real physical changes in the brain and actions in the body

Question 4

What is language acquisition?

Answer 4

term used by psychologists to refer to the way infants learn to understand and speak their native language

Question 5

What is the behaviorist model of language acquisition?

Answer 5

infants are training in language by operant conditioning

Question 6

What is Chomsky’s language acquisition model?

Answer 6

suggests that we all possess an innate feature unique to humans that allows people to gain mastery of language from limited exposure during sensitive developmental years in early childhood

Question 7

What is linguistic relativity hypothesis?

Answer 7

states that not only do languages and thought overlap, but cognition and perception are determined by the language one speaks

Question 8

What is Broca’s area?

Answer 8

located in the dominant hemispheres frontal lobe; involved in the complicated process of speech production

Question 9

What is Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 9

injury to Broca’s area that causes inability to produce speech

Question 10

What is Wernicke’s area?

Answer 10

located in the posterior section of the temporal lobe in the dominant hemisphere; involved in the comprehension of speech and written language

Question 11

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

Answer 11

injury to Wernicke’s area where people are unable to produce intelligible, meaningful language

Question 12

What is conduction aphasia?

Answer 12

involves poor speech repetition despite intact comprehension and fluent speech