11.3 Aeroplanes Structures Flashcards by Dylan Sinclair

What is the primary function of the fuselage in an aircraft?
a) To store fuel
b) To provide lift
c) To house crew, passengers, cargo, and connect other aircraft structures

c) To house crew, passengers, cargo, and connect other aircraft structures

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Where is the engine typically mounted on a single-engine aircraft?
a) Under the wing
b) In the rear fuselage
c) In the nose of the fuselage

c) In the nose of the fuselage

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Why must the fuselage provide easy access to engine accessories and structural attachments?
a) To reduce weight
b) For aesthetic design
c) For service, inspection, and repair

c) For service, inspection, and repair

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How does wing-through-fuselage design benefit large aircraft?
a) It improves cargo capacity
b) It eliminates the need for the fuselage to carry wing-generated loads
c) It increases the cabin height

b) It eliminates the need for the fuselage to carry wing-generated loads

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Which fuselage construction type is most common in modern aircraft?
a) Truss type
b) Monocoque
c) Semi-monocoque

c) Semi-monocoque

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What internal elements support the skin in a semi-monocoque structure?
a) Cables and tubes
b) Fuel tanks and insulation
c) Bulkheads, frames, stringers, and longerons

c) Bulkheads, frames, stringers, and longerons

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What is the function of stringers in fuselage construction?
a) They carry fuel
b) They attach the skin and help distribute loads
c) They act as electrical conduits

b) They attach the skin and help distribute loads

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Which of the following best describes a truss structure?
a) An inflatable structure made of nylon
b) A rigid framework made of interconnected members
c) A solid beam cut from a single block

b) A rigid framework made of interconnected members

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In a Warren truss, what happens to load-bearing members when the load direction changes?
a) All members fail under reversed loads
b) Compression and tension members swap roles
c) The load bypasses the truss

b) Compression and tension members swap roles

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What is the main advantage of a stressed skin construction?
a) It is easier to paint
b) It reduces electrical resistance
c) It allows loads to be carried by the smooth external skin

c) It allows loads to be carried by the smooth external skin

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Why are most modern fuselages pressurised?
a) To reduce engine workload
b) To provide a breathable atmosphere at high altitudes
c) To improve radar performance

b) To provide a breathable atmosphere at high altitudes

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What construction type is preferred for pressurised fuselages?
a) Truss type
b) Semi-monocoque
c) Monocoque only

b) Semi-monocoque

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What structural issue is caused by repeated pressurisation cycles?
a) Hydraulic leakage
b) Metal fatigue
c) Excessive vibration

b) Metal fatigue

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What is the purpose of applying a faying seal?
a) To prevent ice build-up
b) To allow fuel flow between compartments
c) To seal overlapping metal joints against leaks and airflow

c) To seal overlapping metal joints against leaks and airflow

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Where is a fillet seal typically used?
a) In the fuel tanks
b) Where two metal parts meet at an angle, like stringer to skin
c) On exterior antennas

b) Where two metal parts meet at an angle, like stringer to skin

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Why are electrical and control cable runs sealed when passing through pressure bulkheads?
a) To block electromagnetic interference
b) To prevent vibration damage
c) To prevent pressure loss

c) To prevent pressure loss

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Which material is commonly used in pressurisation seals for electrical cables?
a) Aluminium
b) Teflon tape
c) Rubber or silicone

c) Rubber or silicone

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What must be done to areas with cutouts like windows and doors?
a) Avoid reinforcing to reduce weight
b) Reinforce to maintain load distribution
c) Fill them with foam for insulation

b) Reinforce to maintain load distribution

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Why are sealants used on surface skin panels?
a) To improve paint adhesion
b) To reduce corrosion and improve aerodynamics
c) To lower production costs

b) To reduce corrosion and improve aerodynamics

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What shape are most modern aircraft fuselages?
a) Square with sharp corners
b) Hexagonal for load efficiency
c) Tubular with an oval cross-section

c) Tubular with an oval cross-section

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Where are the wings typically attached on an aircraft?
a) Only on the top of the fuselage
b) Only at the rear of the fuselage
c) Either above or below the fuselage structure

c) Either above or below the fuselage structure

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What is the purpose of reinforcing fuselage frames or bulkheads at wing attachment points?
a) To hold additional fuel
b) To reduce the aircraft’s weight
c) To carry and transfer loads from the wings

c) To carry and transfer loads from the wings

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How are wings typically secured to the fuselage?
a) Using welds only
b) With fittings or lugs and fasteners like bolts
c) Using magnets for easy removal

b) With fittings or lugs and fasteners like bolts

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How is the vertical stabiliser commonly attached to the fuselage?
a) With string and fabric
b) Using bolted fittings on a frame member or bulkhead
c) Glued directly to the fuselage skin

b) Using bolted fittings on a frame member or bulkhead

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Where are the attachment fittings usually located on a stabiliser? a) At the rudder hinge only b) On the front and rear spars c) Near the trailing edge only

b) On the front and rear spars

Some horizontal stabilisers are attached directly to the vertical stabiliser. What does this eliminate? a) The need for spars b) The need for aerodynamic surfaces c) Additional fuselage attachment points

c) Additional fuselage attachment points

What part of the wing do engine pylons typically attach to? a) Wing fairings b) Leading edge c) Wing spars

c) Wing spars

What structural members make up the pylon? a) Ribs and stringers b) Upper, middle, and lower spars c) Tubes and rods

b) Upper, middle, and lower spars

What is the main role of the engine pylon? a) To increase lift b) To carry landing gear loads c) To transfer engine thrust to the wing structure

c) To transfer engine thrust to the wing structure

What is the engine nacelle primarily designed to do? a) Store baggage b) Reduce aerodynamic drag and house engine components c) Provide backup lift in case of engine failure

b) Reduce aerodynamic drag and house engine components

What safety feature is installed between the engine, pylon, and wing? a) A heat exchanger b) A firewall c) An oxygen barrier

b) A firewall

Where is the main landing gear typically attached on many aircraft? a) To the rear fuselage b) To the vertical stabiliser c) To the wing spars

c) To the wing spars

What structural requirement must wing spars meet in relation to the landing gear? a) They must house the control cables b) They must be strong enough to support landing loads c) They must rotate with the gear

b) They must be strong enough to support landing loads

What allows the landing gear to reduce drag when not in use? a) Spring-loaded wheels b) Wheel covers made of cloth c) Retraction into recessed wheel wells

c) Retraction into recessed wheel wells

What are wheel wells? a) Compartments for storing fuel b) Box-like structural enclosures that house retracted landing gear c) Hydraulic fluid reservoirs

b) Box-like structural enclosures that house retracted landing gear

What structures often frame a wheel well? a) The rudder pedals b) Wing tips c) Heavy structural members and bulkheads

c) Heavy structural members and bulkheads

Why is framing space between the spars important in the wheel well? a) It improves fuel flow b) It allows installation of flaps c) It provides room for gear retraction

c) It provides room for gear retraction

What components are often included in the wheel well framework for functionality? a) Radio antennas b) Door attachment fittings, hinges, and latches c) Winglet mounts

b) Door attachment fittings, hinges, and latches

What structural load must the landing gear be capable of handling? a) Fuel pressure b) Vibration from the engine c) Full landing loads when the aircraft is fully loaded

c) Full landing loads when the aircraft is fully loaded

Which component ensures that the engine thrust is safely transferred to the airframe? a) The wing skin b) The fuel tank c) The pylon structure

c) The pylon structure

What are aircraft seats attached to inside the cabin? a) Floorboards b) Seat tracks c) Cabin walls

b) Seat tracks

What is a key benefit of the seat track system? a) Prevents turbulence b) Allows seat position adjustments and easy removal c) Stores emergency oxygen

b) Allows seat position adjustments and easy removal

How are seat tracks typically secured to the aircraft? a) With Velcro b) Bolted or riveted to the floor beams c) Glued to the carpet

b) Bolted or riveted to the floor beams

What are L-tracks and I-tracks used for? a) Fuel routing b) Emergency exits c) Seat attachment

c) Seat attachment

Which types of installations, other than seats, can use seat track fasteners? a) Overhead bins b) Cabin partitions like galleys c) Cockpit avionics

b) Cabin partitions like galleys

Seat track fittings usually attach to which part of the seat? a) Cushion b) Seat belt buckle c) Front and rear legs

c) Front and rear legs

How are seat fittings locked into the track? a) Using glue b) With a spring-loaded pin mechanism c) With welding

b) With a spring-loaded pin mechanism

Why are threaded fasteners used in seat track fittings? a) To hold emergency equipment b) To prevent rattling c) To store food trays

b) To prevent rattling

What is the main purpose of the cargo loading system? a) To fuel the aircraft b) To transport passengers c) To guide, restrain, and move cargo efficiently

c) To guide, restrain, and move cargo efficiently

Which components are used to manoeuvre cargo in and out of the aircraft? a) Fans and ducts b) Ball mats, rollers, and PDUs c) Wing flaps

b) Ball mats, rollers, and PDUs

Where are ball mats typically located? a) Under the seats b) At the cargo bay entrance c) Inside the cockpit

b) At the cargo bay entrance

What do powered cargo systems allow? a) Automatic door closing b) Cargo movement inside the compartment c) Temperature control

b) Cargo movement inside the compartment

What are seat track-type fasteners sometimes used for in cargo areas? a) Holding lights b) Mounting engines c) Attaching webbing nets

c) Attaching webbing nets

Which of the following is a transport component of the cargo system? a) Door latch b) Guide rail c) Ball tray

c) Ball tray

Which component helps direct the cargo to the correct path? a) Guide rails b) Roller trays c) ARO device

a) Guide rails

Which components keep cargo from moving during flight? a) Ball mats b) Restraints and locks c) Ducts

b) Restraints and locks

What is the purpose of the Anti-Roll-Out (ARO) device? a) To move seats b) To prevent cargo from falling out of the aircraft c) To load food trays

b) To prevent cargo from falling out of the aircraft

When must the ARO device be retracted? a) During takeoff b) Before the cargo door is closed c) While flying at cruising altitude

b) Before the cargo door is closed

How is cargo automatically centred during loading? a) With overhead cranes b) With guide rollers c) With floor markings

b) With guide rollers

Under what conditions will the cargo loading system receive power? a) When the engines are running b) When the cargo door is closed c) When the cargo door is open, power is available, and the control panel is on

c) When the cargo door is open, power is available, and the control panel is on

What is the main characteristic of a plug-type door? a) Opens outward only b) Seals using external latches c) Uses cabin pressure to seal itself against the frame

c) Uses cabin pressure to seal itself against the frame

Why can’t plug-type doors be used for cargo compartments? a) They are too heavy b) They take up too much internal space c) They are not strong enough

b) They take up too much internal space

How do non-plug cargo doors prevent accidental opening in flight? a) Vacuum lock b) Mechanical brakes c) Multiple pins or latches

c) Multiple pins or latches

Where are aircraft Main Entry Doors (MEDs) located? a) On the left side only b) On both left and right sides of the fuselage c) Under the wings

b) On both left and right sides of the fuselage

Which side of the aircraft are Passenger Entry Doors (PEDs) typically located on? a) Right side b) Rear side c) Left side

c) Left side

What is the primary function of doors on the right side of the aircraft? a) Evacuation b) Servicing (e.g. galley loading) c) Refueling

b) Servicing (e.g. galley loading)

What system alerts the crew if a door is open or not latched correctly? a) Door seal system b) Door pressure indicator c) Door warning system

c) Door warning system

Which of the following is NOT a part of typical door structure? a) Formers b) Spoilers c) Beams

b) Spoilers

What connects internal parts of the door and provides support for brackets? a) Beams b) Intercostals c) Formers

c) Formers

What is the function of the door frame? a) Stores emergency oxygen b) Acts as the external skin c) Surrounds and supports the door structure

c) Surrounds and supports the door structure

Where are pressure stop fittings located? a) On the cockpit ceiling b) Inside the cargo bay c) On the door frame

c) On the door frame

What is the function of a pressure stop pin? a) To lubricate hinges b) To hold the door flush with the fuselage c) To detect fire

b) To hold the door flush with the fuselage

What happens to the door frame pressure stop during cabin pressurisation? a) It retracts b) It pushes the door outward c) It holds the door in place

c) It holds the door in place

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of aircraft door seals? a) Noise reduction b) Aerodynamic smoothness c) Wing lift generation

c) Wing lift generation

How are door seals commonly held in place? a) By magnetic locks b) Using adhesive, screws, or channels c) With welded joints

b) Using adhesive, screws, or channels

Which type of seal inflates during aircraft pressurisation? a) Diaphragm seal b) Flap-type seal c) Inflatable seal

c) Inflatable seal

Which of the following is a common shape of door seal? a) Flap-type b) Ring-type c) Hook-type

a) Flap-type

What allows a door to be opened or closed from inside the aircraft? a) Locking pin b) Interior handle c) External pressure

b) Interior handle

Where is the outside door handle typically located? a) Next to the cargo compartment b) On the landing gear bay c) In a recess flush with the outer skin

c) In a recess flush with the outer skin

How is the exterior door handle released for use? a) Pulling it directly b) Rotating the door manually c) Pressing a latch button

c) Pressing a latch button

According to ICAO, what must a flight deck door be able to resist? a) Water and smoke b) Grenade shrapnel and small arms fire c) Radio interference

b) Grenade shrapnel and small arms fire

Which aircraft are required to have reinforced flight deck doors? a) All aircraft regardless of size b) Aircraft with a max take-off mass > 45,500 kg or > 60 passengers c) Cargo-only aircraft

b) Aircraft with a max take-off mass > 45,500 kg or > 60 passengers

On small aircraft, what must the flight deck door be resistant to? a) Fuel leaks b) Water damage c) Penetration and intrusion

c) Penetration and intrusion

When is the flight deck door allowed to be unlocked during flight? a) Only during takeoff b) For brief periods to allow access c) When passengers request to visit

b) For brief periods to allow access

Which of the following is used in the construction of reinforced flight deck doors? a) Carbon fiber only b) Kevlar and Dyneema c) Plastic composites

b) Kevlar and Dyneema

How is access to the flight deck typically requested on an Airbus A380? a) By radio call b) Through a keypad buzzer system c) By knocking on the door

b) Through a keypad buzzer system

How is access granted to the cockpit from inside? a) Via a digital pin pad b) Manually turning a handle c) Toggle switch on the door panel

c) Toggle switch on the door panel

What happens when “access granted” is selected? a) Alarm is triggered b) The cabin pressure decreases c) Three electric latches are de-energised and door unlocks

c) Three electric latches are de-energised and door unlocks

What is the purpose of the decompression flap on the cockpit door? a) To let in outside air b) To allow rapid pressure equalisation c) To ventilate the cabin

b) To allow rapid pressure equalisation

Where is the decompression and evacuation hatch located? a) Above the flight deck door b) On the aircraft floor c) In the lower part of the door

c) In the lower part of the door

What feature allows visual confirmation before unlocking the door? a) A light panel b) A spyhole c) A video screen

b) A spyhole

What triggers automatic deployment of an emergency slide? a) Cabin pressure change b) Door opening in “Armed” mode c) Pressing an emergency button

b) Door opening in “Armed” mode

Where are most emergency exit doors typically located? a) Near the landing gear b) On top of the aircraft c) Over the wings on both sides

c) Over the wings on both sides

What mechanism deploys the escape slide? a) Girt bar activation b) Manual inflation valve c) Cabin pressure drop

a) Girt bar activation

What connects the mode selector lever to the girt bar? a) Electrical switch b) Push/pull cable c) Hydraulic line

b) Push/pull cable

Before opening an aircraft door on the ground, what must be checked? a) Fuel levels b) That the door is disarmed c) That the “CABIN PRESSURE” indicator is off

c) That the “CABIN PRESSURE” indicator is off

What can happen if an emergency slide is not disarmed before door opening? a) The door won’t open b) The slide may deploy unexpectedly c) The engine shuts down

b) The slide may deploy unexpectedly

What is the purpose of installing a safety pin in the mode selector lever? a) To prevent theft b) To lock the door shut c) To prevent accidental slide deployment

c) To prevent accidental slide deployment

What does a proximity sensor on a door indicate? a) Emergency slide pressure b) If the cabin lights are on c) Door open/closed and locked status

c) Door open/closed and locked status

What precaution should be taken before maintenance work on doors with slides? a) Check the weather forecast b) Disable the cockpit door alarm c) Ensure the emergency escape system is safetied

c) Ensure the emergency escape system is safetied

Where is the bulk cargo door usually located? a) Nose of the aircraft b) Aft lower right side c) Left wing root

b) Aft lower right side

The bulk cargo compartment is mainly used for: a) Engine components b) Non-containerised cargo c) Crew luggage

b) Non-containerised cargo

Which cargo doors open outwards? a) Bulk cargo door b) Forward, aft, and side cargo doors c) Emergency exits

b) Forward, aft, and side cargo doors

How is the bulk cargo door typically operated? a) Electrically b) Hydraulically c) Manually

c) Manually

Cargo doors are structurally similar to: a) Escape hatches b) Main entry doors (MEDs) c) Flight deck doors

b) Main entry doors (MEDs)

Cargo doors are usually: a) Plug-type b) Non-plug-type c) Sliding type

b) Non-plug-type

What do the locking hooks do? a) Provide electrical grounding b) Engage around door pins c) Trigger decompression

b) Engage around door pins

What seals the cargo door when closed? a) Adhesive foam b) Magnetic strip c) Perimeter door seal

c) Perimeter door seal

If electrical and hydraulic systems fail, cargo doors are operated: a) With backup batteries b) Manually c) Using nitrogen pressure

b) Manually

Cargo door position is indicated by: a) Pressure readings b) Visual markings c) Indicator lights

c) Indicator lights

What does the “latches closed” light mean? a) Door is open b) Latches are engaged c) Door is pressurised

b) Latches are engaged

Cargo door control switches are located: a) Only in the flight deck b) In cabin overhead panels c) Inside and outside the cargo area

c) Inside and outside the cargo area

What is commonly loaded through the bulk cargo door? a) Luggage containers b) Pets and small packages c) Engine spares

b) Pets and small packages

What helps the manual opening of the bulk cargo door? a) Pulley assist b) Counterbalance spring c) Hydraulic accumulator

c) Hydraulic accumulator

What device controls the speed of the bulk door opening? a) Snubber b) Relief valve c) Flow restrictor

a) Snubber

If the bulk cargo door doesn’t stay open, check the: a) Door actuator b) Proximity sensor c) Counterbalance spring

c) Counterbalance spring

To confirm cargo doors are locked, aircraft use: a) Visual tags b) Proximity devices c) Weight-on-wheels switches

b) Proximity devices

What happens if a proximity device fails? a) Flight is aborted b) Door locks automatically c) Warning is sent to the flight deck

c) Warning is sent to the flight deck

On a synoptic display, an unlocked door shows as: a) Amber b) Green c) Blue

a) Amber

A white outline on the door synoptic display means: a) Door is jammed b) Invalid proximity device info c) Power loss to control panel

b) Invalid proximity device info

What is a primary function of aircraft windows besides visibility? a) Heating the cabin b) Holding cabin pressure c) Reducing drag

b) Holding cabin pressure

Which windows offer additional protection from bird impact and ice? a) Cabin windows b) Flight deck windows c) Observer windows

b) Flight deck windows

Small unpressurised aircraft use cabin windows made of: a) Laminated glass b) Single pane acrylic plastic c) Metal-reinforced glass

b) Single pane acrylic plastic

Passenger cabin windows are typically constructed as: a) Single pane laminated glass b) Plug-type acrylic plastic windows c) Sliding glass panels

b) Plug-type acrylic plastic windows

What is the purpose of the small vent hole in the inner pane? a) Release air in emergencies b) Equalise pressure and prevent misting c) Drain condensation

b) Equalise pressure and prevent misting

What material are most passenger windows made from? a) Tempered glass b) Polycarbonate c) Acrylic plastic

c) Acrylic plastic

What secures cabin windows into the fuselage? a) Riveted outer panels b) Retainer rings or spring clips c) Pressure bolts

b) Retainer rings or spring clips

How many flight deck windows are typically found on modern aircraft? a) Four b) Six c) Eight

b) Six

Which flight deck windows are known as the “windscreen”? a) One left and one right b) Two left and two right c) Three left and three right

a) One left and one right

What is the main material used in flight deck window outer laminations? a) Acrylic b) Glass c) Polycarbonate

b) Glass

Why are flight deck windshields electrically heated? a) To reduce UV exposure b) To prevent delamination c) To resist impact and prevent icing

c) To resist impact and prevent icing

What type of seal bonds the flight deck window to its frame? a) Rubber gasket b) Epoxy glue c) Silicon seal

c) Silicon seal

What type of window can be used as an emergency exit on the flight deck? a) Windscreen b) Sliding window c) Fixed window

b) Sliding window

The openable number 2 window uses what to slide open? a) Hydraulic piston b) Drive cable and screw c) Magnetic track

b) Drive cable and screw

What feature alerts the crew that a sliding window is open? a) Pressure sensor b) Alarm buzzer c) Alert switch

c) Alert switch

What is delamination in a flight deck window? a) External coating peel b) Bubbles forming between laminated layers c) Cracks in the glass pane

b) Bubbles forming between laminated layers

What should be checked if bubbles are present in the vinyl layer? a) Latch mechanism b) Heating control system c) Cabin humidity sensor

b) Heating control system

Flight deck window must be replaced if: a) There is delamination at the edges b) Scratches exceed 0.002 in depth c) Vinyl layer is discoloured

b) Scratches exceed 0.002 in depth

Which damage type looks like small fissures starting from scratches? a) Cracks b) Crazing c) Chips

b) Crazing

How is minor damage like surface chips on passenger windows repaired? a) Sealed with resin b) Ground and polished c) Replaced entirely

b) Ground and polished

What are the left and right wing boxes typically cantilevered from? a) Fuselage structure b) Centre wing box c) Wing spars

b) Centre wing box

What factors influence the design of an aircraft wing? a) Only speed and altitude b) Aircraft size, weight, and intended use c) Only engine type and fuel capacity

b) Aircraft size, weight, and intended use

Which type of wing construction does NOT require external bracing? a) Semi-cantilever wing b) Cantilever wing c) Strut-braced wing

b) Cantilever wing

What is commonly used for the structural members of external wing supports? a) Aluminium alloy b) Steel c) Titanium

b) Steel

What material is primarily used in modern aircraft wing construction? a) Wood b) Aluminium c) Carbon fiber composites

b) Aluminium

Which material is being increasingly used in modern wing designs to reduce weight? a) Steel b) Wood c) Composite materials

c) Composite materials

What is the main purpose of the spars in the wing structure? a) To provide aerodynamic lift b) To carry loads and provide structural strength c) To reduce drag

b) To carry loads and provide structural strength

Which component provides the contour or shape to the wing aerofoil? a) Spars b) Ribs or bulkheads c) Wing skin

b) Ribs or bulkheads

What is the primary difference between mono-spar and multi-spar wing construction? a) Number of wing ribs b) Number of longitudinal spars c) Type of materials used

b) Number of longitudinal spars

Which wing construction design uses two main longitudinal members? a) Mono-spar b) Multi-spar c) Box beam

c) Box beam

What is the typical cross-section shape of most wing spars? a) Circular b) Rectangular c) Triangular

b) Rectangular

Which type of spar uses a vertical web with a sine wave design in its construction? a) Truss spar b) I-beam spar c) Composite sine wave spar

c) Composite sine wave spar

What is a failsafe design in wing spar construction? a) A design that allows for easy repair b) A design that ensures continued operation if a part fails c) A design that improves fuel efficiency

b) A design that ensures continued operation if a part fails

False spars are primarily used for: a) Increasing the wing’s lift capacity b) Attaching control surfaces like ailerons c) Strengthening the wing root

b) Attaching control surfaces like ailerons

Wing ribs serve to: a) Provide structural strength and shape b) Carry aerodynamic loads c) Provide a smooth surface for airflow

a) Provide structural strength and shape

What is the purpose of false ribs in wing construction? a) To strengthen the wing’s leading edge b) To help with the aerodynamics of the wingtip c) To provide structural support without spanning the full wing chord

c) To provide structural support without spanning the full wing chord

Where are the wing attach fittings located? a) At the midpoint of the wing b) At the wing root, attaching to the fuselage c) At the wingtip for balance

b) At the wing root, attaching to the fuselage

Why are wing tips often removable? a) To reduce weight during flight b) To allow for easier inspection and repair c) To improve aerodynamics at high speeds

b) To allow for easier inspection and repair

What is typically used as the material for the wing tip assembly? a) Steel alloy b) Aluminium alloy c) Composite materials

b) Aluminium alloy

What is the primary function of the wing skin in a stressed-skin wing design? a) To control airflow over the wing b) To carry flight and ground loads c) To reduce the weight of the wing

b) To carry flight and ground loads

What is the primary purpose of fuel tank baffles? a) To reduce fuel vapours b) To prevent fuel from moving outboard c) To hold the fuel tank in place

b) To prevent fuel from moving outboard

Which type of fuel tank is commonly used in light aircraft? a) Rigid removable tanks b) Flexible bladder tanks c) Integral fuel tanks

a) Rigid removable tanks

What material were many early rigid fuel tanks made from? a) Aluminium b) Steel coated with lead or tin c) Composite materials

b) Steel coated with lead or tin

How are rigid removable fuel tanks typically secured in place? a) Bolted directly to the airframe b) Strapped to the airframe with padded straps c) Welded to the fuselage structure

b) Strapped to the airframe with padded straps

What type of material is commonly used for bladder fuel tanks? a) Reinforced flexible material b) Aluminium alloy c) Steel sheets

a) Reinforced flexible material

What must be done to bladder tanks before storing them for an extended period? a) They must be cleaned with a detergent b) They should be wiped with a coating of clean engine oil c) They should be stored in a heated environment

b) They should be wiped with a coating of clean engine oil

Which type of fuel tank forms part of the aircraft’s structure, often in the wings or fuselage? a) Rigid removable tanks b) Flexible bladder tanks c) Integral fuel tanks

c) Integral fuel tanks

What is another term used for aircraft with integral fuel tanks in their wings? a) Wet wings b) Dry wings c) Tanked wings

a) Wet wings

What feature is used in integral fuel tanks to help manage fuel movement? a) Baffles with check valves b) Fuel pumps with external motors c) Overflow vents

a) Baffles with check valves

What type of sealant is used to form integral fuel tanks in aircraft? a) High-strength adhesive b) Two-part fuel-resistant sealant c) Silicone-based caulk

b) Two-part fuel-resistant sealant

What is required when performing maintenance on an integral fuel tank? a) Fuel vapours must be purged and strict safety procedures followed b) Only visual inspections are needed c) The tank must be filled with water before repair

a) Fuel vapours must be purged and strict safety procedures followed

What type of access panels are commonly used for integral fuel tanks in large aircraft? a) Circular panels b) Oval panels or tank plates c) Square panels

b) Oval panels or tank plates

What materials are typically used to seal access panels for fuel tanks? a) O-rings and aluminium gaskets b) Rubber seals and copper washers c) Silicone sealant and plastic gaskets

a) O-rings and aluminium gaskets

What is the primary reason for using aluminium gaskets on fuel tank access panels? a) To prevent corrosion b) For electrostatic bonding c) To improve airflow around the tank

b) For electrostatic bonding

What type of fuel tank construction is more commonly found on military or commercial aircraft? a) Rigid removable tanks b) Flexible bladder tanks c) Integral fuel tanks

c) Integral fuel tanks

How are bladder fuel tanks typically installed into an aircraft? a) They are welded into place b) They are clipped and fastened into place c) They are bolted into the structure

b) They are clipped and fastened into place

What is one advantage of using bladder fuel tanks over rigid removable tanks? a) They require a larger opening in the aircraft skin b) They can be unrolled to full size after installation c) They are permanently fixed in place

b) They can be unrolled to full size after installation

What kind of safety procedure is critical when carrying out welding repairs on fuel tanks? a) Only visual inspections are needed before welding b) Fuel vapours must be removed from the tank to prevent an explosion c) The tank must be filled with water before welding

b) Fuel vapours must be removed from the tank to prevent an explosion

What role do the wing ribs and box beams play in an integral fuel tank? a) They form the walls of the fuel tank b) They serve as baffles c) They prevent the fuel from evaporating

b) They serve as baffles

What type of tank is ideal for a quick repair or replacement in the event of a malfunction or leak? a) Rigid removable tank b) Flexible bladder tank c) Integral fuel tank

a) Rigid removable tank

What is the primary function of wing attachment points? a) To support the aircraft’s weight during takeoff b) To attach major structural components like control surfaces and landing gear c) To improve the aerodynamics of the wing

b) To attach major structural components like control surfaces and landing gear

Where is the landing gear typically attached on most aircraft? a) To the fuselage b) To the wing rear spar(s) or a false spar c) To the tail section

b) To the wing rear spar(s) or a false spar

What is the purpose of wing spars in landing gear attachment? a) To create lift for the aircraft b) To support the weight of the aircraft during flight c) To support the landing gear and withstand landing forces

c) To support the landing gear and withstand landing forces

What is the function of a pylon in aircraft wing structure? a) To reduce drag on the wing b) To carry and mount the engine c) To support the control surfaces

b) To carry and mount the engine

Where is the pylon typically attached to the wing? a) On the leading edge b) On the forward wing spars c) At the wing tips

b) On the forward wing spars

What is a nacelle used for? a) To reduce drag by smoothing airflow over the wing b) To house the engine and its components c) To store fuel for the engine

b) To house the engine and its components

What type of profile does a nacelle typically have? a) A round or elliptical streamlined profile b) A flat rectangular profile c) A triangular profile

a) A round or elliptical streamlined profile

What high-lift device is attached to the rear spar of an aircraft wing? a) Leading edge slats b) Trailing edge flaps c) Ailerons

b) Trailing edge flaps

What is used to anchor the leading edge slats on the wing? a) Brackets supporting guide rollers and actuators b) Flap tracks bolted to the rear spar c) Hinged attachments on the aileron support ribs

a) Brackets supporting guide rollers and actuators

What is the function of the actuator in leading edge flap attachment? a) To provide airflow over the wing b) To move the slats and flaps to their commanded position c) To monitor the wing's aerodynamic stability

b) To move the slats and flaps to their commanded position

How are the ailerons attached to the wing structure? a) By hinge support fittings on the wing leading edge b) By hinge support fittings attached to the wing trailing edge rib structure c) By bolting directly into the fuselage

b) By hinge support fittings attached to the wing trailing edge rib structure

What type of fittings are used for spoiler attachment on most aircraft? a) Hinged fittings and attachment angles b) Simple brackets bolted to the wing ribs c) Truss-like structures for strength

a) Hinged fittings and attachment angles

Where are the fittings for the outboard spoilers located? a) On the forward wing spar b) On the aft face of the wing rear spar c) On the leading edge of the wing

b) On the aft face of the wing rear spar

What type of flap tracks are used in the attachment of trailing edge (TE) flaps? a) Straight steel tracks b) Curved H-section steel forgings c) Aluminum plates bolted to the wing structure

b) Curved H-section steel forgings

What structural component is used to support inboard flap tracks? a) The wing ribs b) The spoiler support beam c) The fuselage beams

b) The spoiler support beam

How are the inboard tracks of outboard flaps attached? a) Bolted to the wing leading edge b) Bolted to the lower edges of special wing ribs c) Suspended from the wing's primary spar

b) Bolted to the lower edges of special wing ribs

What is the purpose of a screwjack in trailing edge flap mechanisms? a) To reduce flap deployment drag b) To drive the flaps to the commanded position c) To hold the flaps in place during flight

b) To drive the flaps to the commanded position

What component connects the actuator to the wing structure for leading edge slats? a) A rack and pinion mechanism b) A hydraulic piston c) A direct motor attachment

a) A rack and pinion mechanism

Where are leading edge flap attachment fittings typically located? a) On the rear edge of the wing b) Along the forward edge of the LE structure c) On the wing tips

b) Along the forward edge of the LE structure

What is the primary function of the spoiler/ speed brake system on an aircraft? a) To enhance lift during flight b) To provide aerodynamic stability during high-speed flight c) To increase drag for slowing the aircraft during landing

c) To increase drag for slowing the aircraft during landing

What is the primary function of flight control surfaces? a) To improve aircraft fuel efficiency b) To adjust and control the aircraft’s flight attitude c) To provide structural reinforcement

b) To adjust and control the aircraft’s flight attitude

Which of the following are considered primary flight controls? a) Slats and spoilers b) Ailerons, elevators, and rudders c) Flaps and trim tabs

b) Ailerons, elevators, and rudders

Where are ailerons typically attached? a) Wing front spars b) Fuselage sides c) Wing rear spars

c) Wing rear spars

Where are elevators attached on an aircraft? a) Horizontal stabiliser rear spars b) Vertical stabiliser leading edge c) Wing mid-section

a) Horizontal stabiliser rear spars

Where is the rudder attached? a) Wing rear spar b) Vertical stabiliser rear spar c) Tail cone

b) Vertical stabiliser rear spar

Which control surface is connected to the wing front spar? a) Trailing edge flap b) Spoiler c) Leading edge slat

c) Leading edge slat

How are flight control surfaces typically attached to the aircraft structure? a) Using glue and composite resin b) Riveted skin and spar joints c) Multiple high-strength bolts and bushes

c) Multiple high-strength bolts and bushes

Which of the following describes a typical aileron tab attachment? a) Attached to wing front spar b) Attached to aileron rear spar c) Attached to the fuselage frame

b) Attached to aileron rear spar

How do trailing edge flaps generally operate? a) Rotate upwards only b) Retract into the fuselage c) Pivot or extend rearward along a track

c) Pivot or extend rearward along a track

What supports the movement of trailing edge flaps? a) Fixed brackets b) Rollers and tracks c) Winglet mechanisms

b) Rollers and tracks

What type of construction might a spoiler panel have? a) Simple single-layer aluminium skin b) Honeycomb sandwich with composite or metallic skins c) Carbon fibre tubes only

b) Honeycomb sandwich with composite or metallic skins

How are leading edge slats moved during flight? a) Pulled by control cables b) Driven by rotary actuators and arms c) Inflated by pneumatic systems

b) Driven by rotary actuators and arms

What happens to leading edge slats when retracted? a) They fall into the wing structure b) They sit flush with the wing surface c) They pivot under the wing

b) They sit flush with the wing surface

Which structural elements are used in flight control surface construction? a) Ribs, spars, and skin b) Tubes and rods only c) Frame and stringers

a) Ribs, spars, and skin

What is a common material combination in modern control surface construction? a) Aluminium and steel frame b) Honeycomb core with aluminium skin c) Wood and doped fabric

b) Honeycomb core with aluminium skin

Why is minimal structure placed aft of the front spar in flight control surfaces? a) To provide maximum airflow b) To reduce drag c) To save weight and allow tapered core use

c) To save weight and allow tapered core use

Where is the trim tab usually attached? a) Leading edge of the control surface b) Rear spar or false spar of the control surface c) Directly to the fuselage

b) Rear spar or false spar of the control surface

What precaution must be taken when working on flight control surfaces? a) Control surfaces should be actuated frequently b) Personnel should remain close for adjustments c) Area should be clear of people and equipment

c) Area should be clear of people and equipment

What safety procedure should be used to prevent uncommanded surface movement? a) Disconnect the power supply b) Use actuator locks and warning notices c) Activate the hydraulic bypass

b) Use actuator locks and warning notices

What is the function of a “Remove Before Flight” ribbon on a spoiler actuator? a) It indicates the actuator is locked for safety b) It helps the actuator extend properly c) It provides aerodynamic balance

a) It indicates the actuator is locked for safety

Why is it important to balance flight control surfaces? a) To reduce aircraft weight b) To eliminate flutter c) To simplify the assembly process

b) To eliminate flutter

What is a common type of flutter experienced by aircraft? a) Fuel line flutter b) Structural wing flutter c) Aerodynamic control surface flutter

c) Aerodynamic control surface flutter

Which flight controls are most commonly affected by aerodynamic flutter? a) Flaps and slats b) Ailerons, elevators, and rudders c) Spoilers and airbrakes

b) Ailerons, elevators, and rudders

What is aerodynamic (horn) balancing? a) Adding weights inside the fuselage b) Extending a portion of the control surface ahead of the hinge line c) Adjusting trim tab positions

b) Extending a portion of the control surface ahead of the hinge line

What effect does aerodynamic balancing have on control forces? a) Increases the force required to move the surface b) Has no effect c) Reduces the force required to deflect the surface

c) Reduces the force required to deflect the surface

Which part of the control surface is known as the “horn” in aerodynamic balancing? a) The trailing edge b) The portion ahead of the hinge line c) The actuator attachment point

b) The portion ahead of the hinge line

Mass balancing is accomplished by: a) Removing weight from the trailing edge b) Adjusting airflow over the surface c) Adding weights to the leading edge

c) Adding weights to the leading edge

What is the purpose of moving the Centre of Gravity (CG) forward in a control surface? a) To make it heavier b) To eliminate flutter c) To reduce its range of motion

b) To eliminate flutter

When must control surfaces be rebalanced? a) Before every flight b) After cleaning c) After repairs or repainting

c) After repairs or repainting

How are control surfaces typically balanced? a) Using a pendulum gauge b) On a jig or A-frame c) With a laser alignment tool

b) On a jig or A-frame

What supports the trailing edge during balance measurement? a) Hydraulic press b) A digital scale c) Trailing edge support notch

c) Trailing edge support notch

What tool is used to help determine level during balance testing? a) Altimeter b) Spirit level c) Protractor

b) Spirit level

What is the “moment arm” in mass balancing? a) Distance the surface can move b) Weight multiplied by its distance from the hinge c) Pressure from the actuator arm

b) Weight multiplied by its distance from the hinge

Why is the trailing edge kept as light as possible in mass balancing? a) To make maintenance easier b) To improve control surface appearance c) To prevent flutter

c) To prevent flutter

How is the control surface set up for static balancing? a) Vertical position on a hydraulic rig b) Horizontal position supported on bearings c) Diagonal with weights suspended

b) Horizontal position supported on bearings

What indicates that a surface is correctly balanced on the weighing scale? a) The scale reads maximum b) The surface aligns with the jig c) The scale reads zero

c) The scale reads zero

What happens if a control surface is not properly balanced? a) Control response improves b) Risk of aerodynamic flutter increases c) It will automatically correct in flight

b) Risk of aerodynamic flutter increases

What component is commonly adjusted or added during rebalancing? a) Trim tab deflection angle b) Hinge points c) Balance weights

c) Balance weights

What principle is used in calculating CG and balancing? a) Centripetal acceleration b) Moment = Force × Distance c) Bernoulli’s Principle

b) Moment = Force × Distance

Which of the following helps reduce input force during control surface deflection? a) Heavier trailing edges b) Horn balance c) Hydraulic bypass

b) Horn balance

What is the main purpose of a nacelle on an aircraft? a) Store fuel b) House the engine and accessories c) Provide lift

b) House the engine and accessories

What structure attaches the nacelle to the wing or fuselage? a) Bracket b) Actuator c) Pylon

c) Pylon

What is another common name for a pylon? a) Boom b) Strut c) Mount

b) Strut

What type of structure do nacelles and pylons typically have? a) Frame and skin b) Solid beam c) Hydraulic pressure vessel

a) Frame and skin

Which materials are commonly used in pylon construction? a) Steel and iron b) Wood and plastic c) Aluminium alloys, titanium, composites

c) Aluminium alloys, titanium, composites

What component in the pylon acts like the wing’s internal structure? a) Fan blade b) Torque box c) Combustion liner

b) Torque box

What type of loads do forward pylon attachment fittings transmit? a) Longitudinal only b) Weight and lateral c) Vibration and thermal

b) Weight and lateral

The aft pylon attachment fitting transmits: a) Thrust only b) Heat and sound c) Weight and longitudinal loads

c) Weight and longitudinal loads

What is the function of the bearing fitting behind the forward attachment? a) Control vibration b) Transmit lateral and longitudinal loads c) Secure the thrust reverser

b) Transmit lateral and longitudinal loads

What is a fan cowl support beam? a) Beam that supports tail structure b) Beam for engine cooling c) Beam supporting and distributing loads from the fan cowl

c) Beam supporting and distributing loads from the fan cowl

How is the fan cowl typically attached to the support beam? a) Bolts only b) Hinges with quick-release pins c) Welded mounts

b) Hinges with quick-release pins

What is the function of wing-to-nacelle fairings? a) Collect exhaust gases b) Reduce structural loads c) Provide low-drag aerodynamic profile

c) Provide low-drag aerodynamic profile

What does the nacelle framework include? a) Spoilers and flaps b) Longerons, formers, and bulkheads c) Brake lines and reservoirs

b) Longerons, formers, and bulkheads

Which of the following are nacelle cowls NOT typically made of? a) Graphite-epoxy b) Aluminium sheet c) Rubber

c) Rubber

What materials are used in nacelle areas exposed to high temperatures? a) Wood and composites b) Stainless steel and titanium c) Carbon fibre only

b) Stainless steel and titanium

Which component surrounds and streamlines the engine in a nacelle? a) Pylon b) Firewall c) Cowls

c) Cowls

What does the torque box in the pylon contain? a) Cooling vents b) Engine mount fittings c) Fuel lines

b) Engine mount fittings

Modern nacelles often include features to: a) Increase thrust b) Boost fuel economy c) Reduce engine noise

c) Reduce engine noise

The firewall in the nacelle serves to: a) Support the torque box b) Separate the engine from the aircraft structure c) Increase aerodynamics

b) Separate the engine from the aircraft structure

How are nacelle components typically joined together? a) Magnets b) Rivets, fasteners, and bonding c) Welding only

b) Rivets, fasteners, and bonding

What is the primary function of a firewall in an aircraft? a) Increase engine power b) Separate electrical systems c) Protect the rest of the aircraft from fire

c) Protect the rest of the aircraft from fire

Where is the firewall typically located? a) Between the cockpit and cargo bay b) Between the engine and aircraft structure c) Behind the passenger seats

b) Between the engine and aircraft structure

Which of the following is a required property of a firewall? a) Soundproof b) Waterproof c) Fireproof

c) Fireproof

According to regulations, how long must firewalls resist flame penetration? a) 5 minutes b) 15 minutes c) 30 minutes

b) 15 minutes

What must be used to seal openings in a firewall? a) Silicone sealant b) Close-fitting, fireproof grommets or bushings c) Plastic fittings

b) Close-fitting, fireproof grommets or bushings

Which of the following is NOT a typical firewall material? a) Stainless steel b) Titanium c) Copper

c) Copper

Firewalls help prevent the spread of: a) Electrical faults b) Landing gear vibration c) Flame, liquid, and gas

c) Flame, liquid, and gas

Which certification standard outlines firewall requirements? a) CS25.1191 b) CS30.1010 c) CS10.4040

a) CS25.1191

What must firewalls be protected against in addition to fire? a) Lightning strikes b) Bird strikes c) Corrosion

c) Corrosion

What other components serve similar purposes to firewalls? a) Fuel cells b) Fire shields and heat blankets c) Spoilers

b) Fire shields and heat blankets

Which of the following parts can include flameproof panels? a) Cabin seats b) Engine pylon c) Avionics bay

b) Engine pylon

Firewalls are especially necessary in what type of aircraft zones? a) Noise zones b) Hydraulic zones c) Cooling zones

c) Cooling zones

In what part of the nacelle would you also find fireproof panels? a) Fan cowl b) Nose cowl c) Rear landing gear

b) Nose cowl

Which of the following is a key function of flameproof diaphragms? a) Reduce drag b) Prevent engine overheating c) Block flame movement

c) Block flame movement

What should you inspect on a firewall during maintenance? a) Flight data recorder b) Paint condition c) Cracking, attachment points, and grommets

c) Cracking, attachment points, and grommets

When inspecting fire shields and blankets, you must check for: a) Pressure leaks b) Cracks, tears, and burned areas c) Temperature ratings

b) Cracks, tears, and burned areas

What happens if grommets on a firewall are damaged? a) Noise levels increase b) Flame and gas may penetrate c) Fuel flow increases

b) Flame and gas may penetrate

What type of fasteners are typically used in firewall construction? a) Velcro strips b) Rivets and bolts c) Nails

b) Rivets and bolts

What must be done to worn or damaged heat blankets? a) Patched with tape b) Cleaned and reused c) Replaced

c) Replaced

Why are firewalls especially critical in turbine engine aircraft? a) They have fewer emergency exits b) They operate at high temperatures c) They lack air conditioning

b) They operate at high temperatures

What is the main purpose of an engine mount? a) Increase fuel efficiency b) Connect the engine to the aircraft and suppress vibrations c) Reduce airspeed

b) Connect the engine to the aircraft and suppress vibrations

What shape are engine mounts typically constructed in? a) Triangular b) Cylindrical c) Web

c) Web

Which material is commonly used for engine mounts in light aircraft? a) Titanium b) Chrome/molybdenum steel tubing c) Carbon fiber

b) Chrome/molybdenum steel tubing

What kind of material is used in large aircraft engine mounts? a) Aluminium sheet b) Forged chrome/nickel/molybdenum assemblies c) Wood composite

b) Forged chrome/nickel/molybdenum assemblies

What component connects the engine to the engine mount in most designs? a) Exhaust clamp b) Dynafocal mount c) Fuel bracket

b) Dynafocal mount

What are “V-struts” in engine mounts? a) Engine balancing weights b) Bracing members in the mount structure c) Electrical grounding wires

b) Bracing members in the mount structure

What do dynafocal mounts align with? a) Centre of Lift b) Aircraft longitudinal axis c) Centre of Gravity (CG) of the engine

c) Centre of Gravity (CG) of the engine

What do engine mounts distribute throughout the aircraft? a) Hydraulic fluid b) Vibrations c) Lift

b) Vibrations

How is a reciprocating engine mount usually secured to the aircraft? a) Plastic rivets b) Heat-treated steel bolts c) Safety wire

b) Heat-treated steel bolts

Which bolts support the engine’s weight while on the ground? a) Lower bolts b) Forward bolts c) Upper bolts

c) Upper bolts

When in flight, what type of stress affects all the engine mount bolts? a) Static load b) Torsional stress c) Axial compression

b) Torsional stress

What do rubber and steel ‘shock mounts’ help to absorb? a) Air pressure b) Noise c) Engine vibration

c) Engine vibration

What happens if the engine experiences abnormal shocks on a shock mount? a) The rubber tears b) The engine detaches c) The metal snubbers limit movement

c) The metal snubbers limit movement

Dynafocal mounts are classified as what type of unit? a) Thermal dissipators b) Directional vibration isolators c) Fuel injectors

b) Directional vibration isolators

Which direction do the dynafocal mount pads angle toward? a) Wing root b) Engine CG c) Nose cone

b) Engine CG

What material is most turbine engine mounts made from? a) Magnesium b) Stainless steel c) Aluminium foil

b) Stainless steel

Turbine engines typically use how many engine mounts? a) One forward and one aft b) Two forward and one aft c) One central

b) Two forward and one aft

What kind of loads do forward turbine mounts carry? a) Only vertical b) Vertical, side, and axial (thrust) loads c) Hydraulic and fuel loads

b) Vertical, side, and axial (thrust) loads

What loads do the aft turbine mounts carry? a) Electrical loads only b) Axial loads only c) Vertical and side loads

c) Vertical and side loads

Why are turbine vibration isolators important? a) To assist with pressurisation b) To isolate vibrations from the aircraft structure c) To direct airflow into the compressor

b) To isolate vibrations from the aircraft structure