11.10 Fuel Systems Flashcards
1
Q
What is the primary function of the aircraft fuel system?
A) To cool the aircraft engine during flight
B) To store and deliver fuel at the right pressure to meet engine or APU demands
C) To provide backup power to avionics
A
B) To store and deliver fuel at the right pressure to meet engine or APU demands
2
Q
What must the fuel system ensure during all phases of flight?
A) Minimal electrical usage
B) Variable air pressure for combustion
C) Positive and reliable flow of contaminant-free fuel
A
C) Positive and reliable flow of contaminant-free fuel
3
Q
How many tanks can a single fuel pump extract fuel from at one time?
A) One
B) Two
C) Unlimited
A
A) One
4
Q
What feature is found at the lowest point of a fuel tank to allow for water and contaminant settlement?
A) Expansion chamber
B) Sump and drain
C) Baffle plate
A
B) Sump and drain
5
Q
What is the purpose of baffles in larger fuel tanks?
A) To prevent fuel mixing
B) To separate different fuel types
C) To resist fuel surging due to attitude changes
A
C) To resist fuel surging due to attitude changes
6
Q
Where are aircraft fuel tanks normally located?
A) Engine nacelles
B) Nose cone
C) Within the wings
A
C) Within the wings
7
Q
What are auxiliary tanks used for?
A) Carrying cargo
B) Increasing range and capability
C) Venting air from the system
A
B) Increasing range and capability
8
Q
What additional function do trim tanks serve besides fuel storage?
A) Cooling the engine
B) Electrical insulation
C) Trimming the aircraft
A
C) Trimming the aircraft
9
Q
What are vent/surge tanks located in the wing tips used for?
A) Holding emergency fuel
B) Storing fuel additives
C) Ensuring proper venting of fuel tanks
A
C) Ensuring proper venting of fuel tanks
10
Q
Where are rigid fuel lines typically used?
A) In areas with vibration
B) In engine compartments and wheel wells
C) Near the cockpit
A
B) In engine compartments and wheel wells
11
Q
What are flexible fuel hoses wrapped in for protection?
A) Fibreglass sheets
B) Braided stainless steel or fire sleeves
C) Plastic tubing
A
B) Braided stainless steel or fire sleeves
12
Q
What should be done first if a fuel line fitting is found to be leaking?
A) Immediately replace the fitting
B) Remove the entire line
C) Re-tighten it to the correct torque setting
A
C) Re-tighten it to the correct torque setting
13
Q
Why must all metal fuel lines and components be electrically bonded and grounded?
A) To comply with aviation laws
B) To prevent vibration damage
C) To safely dissipate static electricity
A
C) To safely dissipate static electricity
14
Q
What are the two basic types of aviation fuel?
A) Diesel and Kerosene
B) AVGAS and Jet Fuel
C) Petrol and Diesel
A
B) AVGAS and Jet Fuel
15
Q
What type of fuel do reciprocating engines use?
A) Jet A
B) AVGAS
C) Jet B
A
B) AVGAS
16
Q
What is Jet B fuel primarily used for?
A) Aircraft operating in hot climates
B) Small helicopters
C) Aircraft in colder climates due to its low freezing point
A
C) Aircraft in colder climates due to its low freezing point
17
Q
What is the freeze point of Jet A1 fuel?
A) –40 °C
B) –47 °C
C) –50 °C
A
B) –47 °C
18
Q
What distinguishes jet fuel from AVGAS visually?
A) Jet fuel is dyed red
B) Jet fuel is colourless or straw-coloured
C) Jet fuel is dyed blue
A
B) Jet fuel is colourless or straw-coloured
19
Q
What dye colour is used for 100LL AVGAS?
A) Green
B) Purple
C) Blue
A
C) Blue
20
Q
Why are jet fuel fill nozzles larger than AVGAS tank openings?
A) To allow for faster fueling
B) To prevent AVGAS from entering a jet fuel system
C) To prevent jet fuel from being mistakenly added to AVGAS tanks
A
C) To prevent jet fuel from being mistakenly added to AVGAS tanks
21
Q
What are the three types of aircraft fuel tanks?
A) Rigid removable, composite, bladder
B) Rigid removable, bladder, integral
C) Composite, integral, external
A
B) Rigid removable, bladder, integral
22
Q
What material were many early fuel tanks made from?
A) Stainless steel
B) Terneplate
C) Titanium alloy
A
B) Terneplate
23
Q
What is the function of baffle plates in fuel tanks?
A) Prevent fuel from freezing
B) Ventilate the tank
C) Control fuel movement during flight manoeuvres
A
C) Control fuel movement during flight manoeuvres
24
Q
What must be done before welding repairs on a fuel tank?
A) Fill the tank with nitrogen
B) Purge all fuel vapours
C) Install a new seal
A
B) Purge all fuel vapours
25
Where are bladder fuel tanks typically installed?
A) Outside the fuselage
B) Inside the engine nacelle
C) Inside structural bays through a small opening
C) Inside structural bays through a small opening
26
What material are support boards for bladder tanks usually made from?
A) Aluminium
B) Stainless steel
C) Fibreglass
C) Fibreglass
27
What is a benefit of integral fuel tanks?
A) Highest cost efficiency
B) Largest usable fuel volume and lowest weight
C) Simplest installation
B) Largest usable fuel volume and lowest weight
28
What is a “wet wing”?
A) A wing with ice protection
B) A wing with integral fuel tanks
C) A wing with flexible seals
B) A wing with integral fuel tanks
29
What is the main function of the Nitrogen Generating System (NGS)?
A) Clean the fuel lines
B) Improve combustion efficiency
C) Reduce explosion risk by displacing oxygen with nitrogen
C) Reduce explosion risk by displacing oxygen with nitrogen
30
What component performs air separation in the NGS?
A) Gas separator valve
B) Air Separation Module (ASM)
C) Oxygen distribution core
B) Air Separation Module (ASM)
31
What happens to the oxygen separated in the NGS?
A) Stored for cabin use
B) Vented overboard
C) Recycled back into the tank
B) Vented overboard
32
When does OBIGGS switch to high-flow mode?
A) During take-off
B) During cruise
C) During descent
C) During descent
33
How is a 'seep' classified in fuel leak classification?
A) Less than 3/4 inch
B) 3/4 to 1.5 inches
C) Over 4 inches
B) 3/4 to 1.5 inches
34
What was a contributing factor in the TWA Flight 800 explosion?
A) Overfilling the tank
B) Ice formation in the tank
C) Heating of residual fuel by air conditioning packs
C) Heating of residual fuel by air conditioning packs
35
What is the purpose of SFAR 88?
A) Reduce aircraft noise
B) Ensure permanent safety of fuel tanks
C) Increase cabin pressure efficiency
B) Ensure permanent safety of fuel tanks
36
Which of the following is an example of a CDCCL?
A) Engine bleed valve
B) Fuel nozzle
C) Bonding leads
C) Bonding leads
37
Which is not a primary cause of fuel vapour ignition?
A) Electrical arcs
B) Vapour condensation
C) Friction sparks
B) Vapour condensation
38
What must be done before entering an integral fuel tank for maintenance?
A) Vent cabin air
B) Turn off all electronics
C) Drain fuel and purge vapours
C) Drain fuel and purge vapours
39
What device measures combustible vapour concentrations in tanks?
A) Thermocouple
B) Gas detector
C) Pressure sensor
B) Gas detector
40
What is the minimum air supply rate for breathing equipment used in fuel tank maintenance?
A) 85 l/min
B) 100 l/min
C) 170 l/min
C) 170 l/min
41
What must the standby person do if air pressure falls below 85 psi?
A) Increase flow
B) Shut off system
C) Switch to emergency air and assist exit
C) Switch to emergency air and assist exit
42
What must be done before closing a fuel tank?
A) Fill it to capacity
B) Log all maintenance steps
C) Ensure no items are left inside
C) Ensure no items are left inside
43
What is the primary function of the fuel feed system in aircraft?
A) To store fuel
B) To deliver fuel to the engines
C) To cool the engines
B) To deliver fuel to the engines
44
Which of the following is a fuel supply system commonly used in single reciprocating engine aircraft?
A) Turbo feed
B) Gravity feed
C) Electric feed
B) Gravity feed
45
How does a gravity feed fuel system deliver fuel to the engine?
A) By using a mechanical pump
B) By utilizing the force of gravity
C) By using a vacuum system
B) By utilizing the force of gravity
46
What is required in low-wing aircraft to ensure proper fuel delivery to the engine?
A) Gravity feed system
B) Injection system
C) Engine-driven or electric pump
C) Engine-driven or electric pump
47
In a high-wing, high-performance single-engine aircraft, what is often used instead of a carburetor?
A) Gravity feed system
B) Injection fuel system
C) Pressure feed system
B) Injection fuel system
48
What is a common feature in jet aircraft fuel systems that is not found in smaller aircraft?
A) Hand-operated pumps
B) Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
C) Gravity feed system
B) Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
49
In a fuel system, which component ensures fuel is delivered to the engine at the correct pressure and flow rate?
A) Fuel shut-off valve
B) Fuel pump
C) Fuel filter
B) Fuel pump
50
What is the function of a vane-type fuel pump in aircraft?
A) To remove contaminants from fuel
B) To deliver a constant volume of fuel with each revolution
C) To inject pressurized fuel into the engine
B) To deliver a constant volume of fuel with each revolution
51
What type of fuel pump is commonly used on large, high-performance aircraft?
A) Vane-type pump
B) Centrifugal pump
C) Hand-operated pump
B) Centrifugal pump
52
What does a centrifugal pump in an aircraft fuel system ensure?
A) Fuel is mixed with air
B) Positive pressure throughout the fuel system
C) Fuel is stored at the correct temperature
B) Positive pressure throughout the fuel system
53
What is the primary function of an ejector pump in an aircraft fuel system?
A) To filter the fuel
B) To ensure that liquid fuel is always available at the pump inlet
C) To pump fuel from one tank to another
B) To ensure that liquid fuel is always available at the pump inlet
54
Which of the following types of filters is most commonly used in aircraft fuel systems?
A) Carbon filter
B) Micron filter
C) Water filter
B) Micron filter
55
What type of filter is used in aircraft fuel systems to remove foreign particles measuring from 10-25 microns?
A) Wafer screen filter
B) Micron filter
C) Plain screen mesh filter
B) Micron filter
56
What is one of the key reasons why a bypass valve is necessary in a micron filter?
A) To increase fuel pressure
B) To prevent clogging of the filter
C) To regulate fuel temperature
B) To prevent clogging of the filter
57
What is the role of the mesh screen in a fuel tank?
A) To cool the fuel
B) To prevent large debris from entering the boost pump inlet
C) To measure fuel temperature
B) To prevent large debris from entering the boost pump inlet
58
What are the two major weight limits on aircraft that must not be exceeded?
A) Maximum take-off weight and maximum structural landing weight
B) Maximum fuel weight and minimum take-off weight
C) Maximum weight during cruise and maximum landing weight
A) Maximum take-off weight and maximum structural landing weight
59
Why is the maximum structural landing weight typically lower than the maximum take-off weight?
A) To allow for fuel consumption during the flight
B) To ensure the aircraft can land safely without exceeding structural limits
C) To prevent overloading the aircraft during takeoff
B) To ensure the aircraft can land safely without exceeding structural limits
60
What is the purpose of a fuel dumping/jettison system on an aircraft?
A) To remove excess fuel for weight reduction during flight
B) To ensure the aircraft has enough fuel for a go-around after landing
C) To prevent exceeding the aircraft's maximum landing weight in emergencies
C) To prevent exceeding the aircraft's maximum landing weight in emergencies
61
Why is it impossible to empty every fuel tank during a jettison operation?
A) Some fuel tanks are not connected to the jettison system
B) The jettison system is designed to stop at a certain fuel level
C) The fuel tanks cannot handle the pressure needed to empty them
A) Some fuel tanks are not connected to the jettison system
62
What feature is often shared between the jettison system and the refueling system to save weight?
A) Jettison lines and refueling manifold
B) Vent system and jettison nozzles
C) Fuel filters and refueling valves
A) Jettison lines and refueling manifold
63
What is the purpose of a fuel vent system on an aircraft?
A) To prevent fuel from overheating during high altitudes
B) To prevent the build-up of pressure in the fuel tanks
C) To regulate the amount of fuel entering the engines
B) To prevent the build-up of pressure in the fuel tanks
64
What can happen if fuel tanks are over-pressurized?
A) The fuel system will overheat
B) Structural damage to the aircraft can occur
C) Fuel efficiency will increase
B) Structural damage to the aircraft can occur
65
What is the primary function of surge tanks in jet aircraft?
A) To store fuel for long-distance flights
B) To contain fuel overflow and prevent spillage during refueling
C) To filter impurities from the fuel
C) To filter impurities from the fuel
66
What is the function of a vent float valve in an aircraft fuel system?
A) To prevent fuel from entering the engine
B) To regulate the fuel temperature
C) To control the flow of fuel based on the fuel level in the tank
C) To control the flow of fuel based on the fuel level in the tank
67
What is the purpose of flapper valves in an aircraft fuel tank?
A) To allow fuel to travel outboard during normal operation
B) To prevent fuel from traveling outboard during aircraft maneuvers
C) To filter fuel before it enters the engine
B) To prevent fuel from traveling outboard during aircraft maneuvers
68
Why are manually operated drain valves used in aircraft fuel systems?
A) To allow for automatic draining of fuel during flight
B) For safety reasons and to provide access for maintenance
C) To regulate the temperature of the fuel
B) For safety reasons and to provide access for maintenance
69
What is the function of the spring in a manually operated drain valve?
A) To keep the valve closed when not in use
B) To regulate the flow of fuel from the tank
C) To ensure fuel is filtered before draining
A) To keep the valve closed when not in use
70
How are electrically operated drain valves activated?
A) By manually turning a valve
B) By a solenoid when activated
C) By a fuel pump
B) By a solenoid when activated
71
What safety feature is available in electrically operated drain valves if the solenoid fails to open the valve?
A) An automatic bypass valve
B) A manual override button
C) A fuel temperature gauge
B) A manual override button
72
What is the role of vent float valves in maintaining the fuel system?
A) To prevent fuel from overflowing during fueling
B) To regulate the fuel level and prevent overfilling
C) To allow excess fuel to be jettisoned from the system
B) To regulate the fuel level and prevent overfilling
73
What is the main purpose of a fuel transfer system on an aircraft?
A) To increase the fuel capacity of the aircraft
B) To allow fuel to move between various fuel tanks onboard the aircraft
C) To prevent fuel wastage during flight
B) To allow fuel to move between various fuel tanks onboard the aircraft
74
What must the flight crew do to use fuel from a different tank during flight due to a fuel imbalance?
A) Turn off all fuel pumps
B) Select the cross-feed valves to the ‘OPEN’ position
C) Switch to manual fuel transfer mode
B) Select the cross-feed valves to the ‘OPEN’ position
75
What happens when the fuel imbalance is corrected in-flight?
A) The aircraft will automatically switch to the main fuel tank
B) The cross-feed valves and boost pumps for the tank can be switched on again
C) The fuel will be automatically transferred back to the main tanks
B) The cross-feed valves and boost pumps for the tank can be switched on again
76
What is the role of auxiliary or reserve fuel tanks on an aircraft?
A) They store additional fuel for extended flying range by transferring fuel to main tanks during flight
B) They are used as backup tanks in case of a fuel leak
C) They are only used during ground refueling operations
A) They store additional fuel for extended flying range by transferring fuel to main tanks during flight
77
What must an engineer do to transfer fuel between tanks on the ground?
A) Open the defuel valve and the refuel valve for the tank receiving the fuel
B) Switch off all fuel pumps and cross-feed valves
C) Open the cross-feed valves and boost pumps in the tank to be transferred from
A) Open the defuel valve and the refuel valve for the tank receiving the fuel
78
When can the defuel valve be opened on an aircraft?
A) Anytime during flight
B) Only when the aircraft is on the ground
C) When the fuel imbalance exceeds a certain limit
B) Only when the aircraft is on the ground
79
What happens after the fuel transfer is completed on the ground?
A) The engineer must manually drain all tanks
B) The cross-feed valves and boost pumps are switched off, and the defuel valve is closed
C) The fuel is automatically transferred back to the main tanks
B) The cross-feed valves and boost pumps are switched off, and the defuel valve is closed
80
What does the fuel cross-feed valve allow?
A) It allows fuel to flow between the left and right engine fuel feed manifolds
B) It allows the fuel from both engines to be mixed together
C) It directs fuel into the auxiliary fuel tanks
A) It allows fuel to flow between the left and right engine fuel feed manifolds
81
What components make up the fuel cross-feed valve assembly?
A) Fuel tank, pump, and actuator
B) Valve body, adapter and shaft, actuator
C) Fuel filters, vent valves, and actuator
B) Valve body, adapter and shaft, actuator
82
How is the valve position of a fuel cross-feed valve indicated?
A) By the alignment marks on the valve body
B) By a digital display in the cockpit
C) By a manual override lever
A) By the alignment marks on the valve body
83
What is the function of the actuator in the fuel cross-feed valve?
A) It regulates the temperature of the fuel
B) It controls the opening and closing of the valve
C) It filters fuel before it enters the engine
B) It controls the opening and closing of the valve
84
What is the purpose of the manual override lever in the actuator?
A) To allow the valve to operate without electrical power
B) To manually pump fuel from one tank to another
C) To lock the valve in place
A) To allow the valve to operate without electrical power
85
Where is the actuator motor located in the fuel cross-feed valve system?
A) In the aircraft's fuel tank
B) Inside the valve body
C) It is a 28 Vdc motor attached to the valve assembly
C) It is a 28 Vdc motor attached to the valve assembly
86
What is the main function of the fuel transfer system when in-flight fuel imbalance occurs?
A) To completely transfer fuel from one tank to another
B) To provide fuel from the offside tank while maintaining fuel flow to the engine
C) To prevent fuel from entering the engine
B) To provide fuel from the offside tank while maintaining fuel flow to the engine
87
What is the role of the refuel valve in a ground manual fuel transfer?
A) To allow fuel to enter the aircraft engine directly
B) To connect the engine feed manifold to the refuel manifold
C) To stop fuel from entering the auxiliary tanks
B) To connect the engine feed manifold to the refuel manifold
88
What is the primary purpose of fuel indicating systems on aircraft?
A) To calculate the fuel consumption rate during flight
B) To monitor the fuel delivery and notify of unsatisfactory conditions
C) To store extra fuel for emergency landings
B) To monitor the fuel delivery and notify of unsatisfactory conditions
89
What type of warning lights are commonly used in aircraft fuel systems?
A) Annunciator lights that illuminate when an event demands attention
B) Flashing red lights to signal an emergency landing
C) Indicator lights that show fuel weight changes
A) Annunciator lights that illuminate when an event demands attention
90
What is the function of the fuel flow indicator on an aircraft?
A) To measure the fuel temperature
B) To monitor fuel delivery to the engines
C) To display fuel tank pressure levels
B) To monitor fuel delivery to the engines
91
Where is the temperature sensor for the fuel temperature gauge usually located?
A) In the aircraft's wing
B) In the main fuel tank
C) In the auxiliary fuel tank
B) In the main fuel tank
92
What is the purpose of the fuel filter bypass warning lights?
A) To warn the crew of potential fuel contamination
B) To indicate when the fuel filter is clogged
C) To notify the crew of a fuel tank leak
B) To indicate when the fuel filter is clogged
93
How do fuel quantity gauges typically indicate the amount of fuel?
A) By measuring fuel temperature
B) By displaying fuel volume in gallons only
C) By using capacitance-type systems and totalisers
C) By using capacitance-type systems and totalisers
94
What is a common feature of electric fuel quantity indicators on aircraft?
A) They operate on alternating current (AC)
B) They use variable resistance in a circuit to operate a ratiometer-type indicator
C) They display fuel pressure levels only
B) They use variable resistance in a circuit to operate a ratiometer-type indicator
95
What is the advantage of capacitance-type fuel quantity systems?
A) They are cheaper and easier to maintain than mechanical systems
B) They contain no moving parts in the tank units, providing higher reliability
C) They display fuel levels in gallons
B) They contain no moving parts in the tank units, providing higher reliability
96
How does the capacitance of a tank unit change?
A) Due to changes in the fuel’s chemical composition
B) As the level of fuel changes, the dielectric constant between the plates varies
C) When the engine speed increases
B) As the level of fuel changes, the dielectric constant between the plates varies
97
What role does the compensator unit in a capacitance-type system serve?
A) To store extra fuel for emergency use
B) To modify current flow and reflect temperature variations of the fuel
C) To adjust the fuel temperature during flight
B) To modify current flow and reflect temperature variations of the fuel
98
How are mechanical fuel quantity indicators used?
A) They provide the exact fuel weight during flight
B) They serve as a backup system when electrical power is unavailable
C) They display fuel consumption in gallons per hour
B) They serve as a backup system when electrical power is unavailable
99
What is the function of an ultrasonic level sensor in fuel tanks?
A) To measure the temperature of the fuel
B) To calculate the distance from the transmitter to the fuel surface
C) To monitor the fuel pressure inside the tanks
B) To calculate the distance from the transmitter to the fuel surface
100
What is the main advantage of ultrasonic fuel level sensors?
A) They provide real-time fuel flow data
B) They are capable of measuring ullage (the space between the fuel surface and the tank top)
C) They are primarily used for detecting fuel contamination
B) They are capable of measuring ullage (the space between the fuel surface and the tank top)
101
What does the fuel selector panel control on an aircraft?
A) The engine throttle settings
B) The fuel input to the engines and fuel transfer
C) The fuel consumption rate during flight
B) The fuel input to the engines and fuel transfer
102
Why is it important to monitor the fuel temperature during flight?
A) To prevent excessive fuel usage
B) To ensure ice does not form in the fuel system, especially in the fuel filter
C) To monitor fuel pressure fluctuations
B) To ensure ice does not form in the fuel system, especially in the fuel filter
103
What does a low fuel pressure warning light indicate?
A) The fuel quantity is low
B) The fuel system is delivering fuel to the metering device at a low pressure
C) The fuel is contaminated
B) The fuel system is delivering fuel to the metering device at a low pressure
104
What is the purpose of valve-in-transit indicator lights in the fuel system?
A) To notify the crew of abnormal fuel consumption rates
B) To indicate when a fuel valve is opening or closing
C) To show when the fuel tanks are nearly empty
B) To indicate when a fuel valve is opening or closing
105
How do modern glass cockpit displays show fuel system indications?
A) They show the fuel level in gallons only
B) They display a graphical representation of the fuel system and associated faults
C) They only show the current fuel flow rate
B) They display a graphical representation of the fuel system and associated faults
106
What is typically displayed on the EICAS or ECAM in a glass cockpit?
A) Real-time fuel consumption rate and available fuel
B) Fuel pumps as being AC and/or DC, along with the operational status of each
C) Detailed breakdown of fuel tank pressure levels
B) Fuel pumps as being AC and/or DC, along with the operational status of each
107
What does the fuel flow indication on a typical engine display show?
A) Total fuel used during the flight
B) The fuel consumption rate for each engine
C) The fuel weight in the tank
B) The fuel consumption rate for each engine
108
What is the normal method to refuel an aircraft?
A) Gravity (overwing) refuelling
B) Pressure refuelling
C) Manual refuelling
B) Pressure refuelling
109
Where are refuelling control panels typically located?
A) On the aircraft's wings
B) At the wing leading edge or fuselage
C) In the cockpit
B) At the wing leading edge or fuselage
110
What is the function of the refuelling valve switch in an aircraft?
A) To control the flow of fuel during refuelling
B) To prevent contamination of the fuel
C) To monitor fuel levels during flight
A) To control the flow of fuel during refuelling
111
What is the purpose of the solenoid-operated refuelling valve?
A) To regulate the fuel pressure during refuelling
B) To automatically shut the valve when electrical power is lost
C) To ensure manual override is not needed
B) To automatically shut the valve when electrical power is lost
112
Which of the following is NOT a mode of pressure refuelling?
A) Manual
B) Automatic
C) Emergency
C) Emergency
113
What is the primary advantage of using automatic refuelling mode?
A) It requires more operator input
B) It reduces the risk of fuel contamination
C) It reduces workload and stops refuelling when the pre-calculated fuel load is reached
C) It reduces workload and stops refuelling when the pre-calculated fuel load is reached
114
Which refuelling method uses tank boost pumps and is the preferred method for defuelling?
A) Pressure defuelling
B) Suction defuelling
C) Manual defuelling
A) Pressure defuelling
115
What is a disadvantage of suction defuelling?
A) It takes longer than pressure defuelling
B) It is faster than pressure defuelling
C) It is the preferred method for defuelling
A) It takes longer than pressure defuelling
116
What is required to ensure static electricity does not pose a risk during refuelling?
A) Use of fire extinguishers
B) Aircraft must be grounded
C) Aircraft engines must be started
B) Aircraft must be grounded
117
What is the recommended type of fire extinguisher for fuelling operations?
A) Water-based extinguishers
B) Carbon dioxide or foam extinguishers
C) Dry chemical extinguishers
B) Carbon dioxide or foam extinguishers
118
Which of the following must be bonded during the refuelling/defuelling process to prevent static electricity buildup?
A) Aircraft to fuel truck only
B) Aircraft to ground only
C) Aircraft to ground, aircraft to tanker, and tanker to ground
C) Aircraft to ground, aircraft to tanker, and tanker to ground
119
What is a major disadvantage of suction defuelling?
A) It is faster than pressure defuelling
B) It is difficult to defuel only one tank
C) It requires high-pressure pumps
B) It is difficult to defuel only one tank
120
What should be done if fuel is spilled during refuelling?
A) Ignore it, as it will evaporate
B) Immediately clean it up and dispose of the materials correctly
C) Continue the operation without interruption
B) Immediately clean it up and dispose of the materials correctly
121
Which of the following must be checked after refuelling to ensure fuel quality?
A) The engine temperature
B) The fuel for contamination
C) The fuel pumps
B) The fuel for contamination
122
What should be done before refuelling or defuelling an aircraft?
A) Ensure the aircraft is in a hangar
B) Start the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
C) Switch on the aircraft engines
B) Start the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)
123
What is the maximum resistance allowed in a bonding cable during refuelling?
A) 10 ohms
B) 25 ohms
C) 50 ohms
B) 25 ohms
124
What is the minimum distance to maintain between fuelling equipment and aircraft tank vents during refuelling?
A) 1 m (3 ft)
B) 6 m (20 ft)
C) 15 m (50 ft)
B) 6 m (20 ft)
125
When should refuelling be suspended?
A) When the aircraft is at a high altitude
B) During electrical storms
C) When the fuel truck is in position
B) During electrical storms
126
What is the purpose of the fuel couplings and check valve in the refuelling system?
A) To control the flow of fuel to the engine
B) To prevent fuel leaks when the nozzle is removed
C) To increase the refuelling speed
B) To prevent fuel leaks when the nozzle is removed
127
Why must the fuel bowser be positioned away from the aircraft during refuelling?
A) To prevent damage from aircraft settling
B) To ensure the fuel hose reaches the tank
C) To maintain a clear exit for rapid evacuation
C) To maintain a clear exit for rapid evacuation
128
What is the primary factor that determines the longitudinal stability of an aircraft?
A) The location of the aircraft's Center of Gravity (CG)
B) The weight of the aircraft's cargo
C) The speed of the aircraft
A) The location of the aircraft's Center of Gravity (CG)
129
What is one disadvantage of using the elevator trim to compensate for the nose-down attitude?
A) It decreases the aircraft's fuel burn
B) It increases the drag, which burns more fuel
C) It improves the aircraft's stability
B) It increases the drag, which burns more fuel
130
What is the function of stabiliser trim tanks in an aircraft?
A) To carry fuel that is transferred to maintain a longitudinal balance
B) To store extra fuel for emergency situations
C) To prevent the aircraft from becoming too heavy
A) To carry fuel that is transferred to maintain a longitudinal balance
131
How does the computerized CG control system assist the flight crew?
A) It automatically adjusts the aircraft’s weight and fuel
B) It reduces the responsibility of monitoring and transferring fuel to maintain a trim-free CG
C) It provides manual control over the elevator trim
B) It reduces the responsibility of monitoring and transferring fuel to maintain a trim-free CG
132
What does the Centre of Gravity Control Computer (CGCC) monitor during a flight?
A) Aircraft speed and altitude
B) Fuel flow, fuel usage, tank volumes, pitch attitude, and stabiliser position
C) Weather conditions and aircraft weight
B) Fuel flow, fuel usage, tank volumes, pitch attitude, and stabiliser position
133
When does the computerized CG control system automatically switch to an alternate mode?
A) During takeoff
B) When the aircraft reaches cruising altitude
C) If the system fails or a fault occurs
C) If the system fails or a fault occurs
134
What is the purpose of the Flight Crew's ability to monitor the CG on the flight deck display?
A) To adjust the aircraft’s trim manually during flight
B) To monitor automated fuel transfers and ensure the CG is maintained within the desired range
C) To control the aircraft's speed
B) To monitor automated fuel transfers and ensure the CG is maintained within the desired range
135
What is the main advantage of using the computerized CG control system in modern aircraft, such as the A330?
A) To increase the aircraft's weight
B) To reduce drag and improve fuel economy
C) To improve the aircraft's maneuverability
B) To reduce drag and improve fuel economy
136
At which flight level does the automatic longitudinal CG control begin?
A) FL 245
B) FL 255
C) FL 265
B) FL 255
137
What happens to the automatic CG control system during descent?
A) It continues to operate until the aircraft reaches the ground
B) It stops at FL 245 or if the time to destination is less than 35 minutes
C) It speeds up the fuel transfer process
B) It stops at FL 245 or if the time to destination is less than 35 minutes
138
How do the Fuel Control and Monitoring Computers (FCMCs) manage fuel transfer?
A) They manually transfer fuel based on the flight crew's inputs
B) They calculate and manage fuel movement based on the aircraft’s weight and CG
C) They only manage fuel for emergency situations
B) They calculate and manage fuel movement based on the aircraft’s weight and CG
139
In the event of a malfunction in the CG control system, what happens?
A) The system continues to operate with reduced functionality
B) It switches to an alternate or fault mode, potentially emptying the trim tank
C) The flight crew must manually manage fuel transfers
B) It switches to an alternate or fault mode, potentially emptying the trim tank
140
How is the fuel in the trim tank moved to maintain the aircraft’s CG?
A) Fuel is transferred forward or aft, based on calculations by the FCMC
B) The fuel is manually pumped by the flight crew
C) Fuel is automatically discarded during descent
A) Fuel is transferred forward or aft, based on calculations by the FCMC
141
What happens if the aircraft’s CG is outside the target range during flight?
A) The aircraft automatically adjusts the trim for stability
B) The FCMC calculates and performs fuel transfers to bring the CG back within range
C) The flight crew must manually adjust the elevator trim
B) The FCMC calculates and performs fuel transfers to bring the CG back within range
142
What role does the target value on the CG graph play in fuel transfer?
A) It helps determine when to switch to manual fuel transfer
B) It represents the desired CG range that the FCMC aims to maintain
C) It indicates the amount of fuel needed to reach the destination
B) It represents the desired CG range that the FCMC aims to maintain
143
What is the benefit of having automatic CG control on aircraft such as the A300 and A310?
A) It reduces the amount of trim required and minimizes drag during cruise
B) It allows the aircraft to fly with an incorrect CG
C) It eliminates the need for fuel management systems
A) It reduces the amount of trim required and minimizes drag during cruise
144
How does the CG control system affect fuel economy?
A) It increases fuel consumption due to added fuel transfers
B) It optimizes the CG to reduce drag and increase fuel economy
C) It makes no significant impact on fuel economy
B) It optimizes the CG to reduce drag and increase fuel economy
145
What action does the flight crew take before using the CG control system for fuel transfer?
A) They manually adjust the trim during the flight
B) They enter variables such as passenger and cargo loads into the system
C) They perform an engine check to ensure system compatibility
B) They enter variables such as passenger and cargo loads into the system
146
What is the role of the stabiliser trim tank in maintaining the CG?
A) It carries the fuel that is transferred to maintain the longitudinal balance of the aircraft
B) It stores extra fuel for emergency landings
C) It prevents the aircraft from becoming too nose-heavy
A) It carries the fuel that is transferred to maintain the longitudinal balance of the aircraft
147
What is one of the key responsibilities of the FCMC in managing fuel transfer?
A) To calculate and allocate fuel for the aircraft’s engines
B) To monitor and adjust the aircraft's speed
C) To calculate the amount of fuel to be moved forward or aft to adjust the CG
C) To calculate the amount of fuel to be moved forward or aft to adjust the CG
