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M11 Resit > 11.3 > Flashcards

11.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the two type of truss fuselage

A

Pratt and Warren

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2
Q

What’s a truss type

A

A form of construction in which multiple members are joined to form a rigid structure

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3
Q

What type of sealant is used to assemble the ac fuselage

A

A two part polysulfide sealant

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4
Q

What reasons can sealants be used in ac

A

Prevent corrosion
Prevent leaks
Give aerodynamic surface

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5
Q

Why are external window fairings that come into contact with the fuselage sealed

A

Weather protection

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6
Q

What are the two types of seals

A

Faying
Filet

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7
Q

What does the sealant between the two surfaces in a Faying seal provide

A

Pressurisation seal

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8
Q

When’s a filet seal used

A

When two metal pieces are being joined together

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9
Q

Why do electrical and control cables need to be sealed

A

As they pass through many pressure bulkheads and want to prevent leaking but the seals shouldn’t be to tight as it may affect the ability of the control cable to move

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10
Q

Why are strong frames in the fuselage required at the point where the wing attatches

A

As they help to distribute the load to the rest of fuselage

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11
Q

What’s the difference between the attatchment of the vertical stab to the horiz stab

A

The horiz stab sometimes doesn’t require any extra attatchment a as it’s built into frame alr

Vertical has to be attatched to framing or bulkhead

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12
Q

What’s transfers the thrust from the engine to the framework

A

Pylons

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13
Q

What are the attachment points for the chairs called

A

L or I tracks

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14
Q

What moves the cargo in the cargo bay

A

Pdu assisted by rollers

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15
Q

What’s a ULD

A

Unit loading device

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16
Q

What’s an ARO and when will it operate

A

Anti roll out device

Operate when hit by a ULD baseplate from outboard

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17
Q

What’s important about the ARO when shutting the cargo door

A

Must be retracted before the doors closed

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18
Q

How are ac doors numbered

A

From front to back

1 first

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19
Q

What type of doors are main doors, cargo, service

A

Main- plug
Cargo and service- non plug

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20
Q

How does a plug type door work

A

It works by using the differential pressure from the cabin air pressure to hold the door shut until the aircraft is depressurised

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21
Q

What way are non plug doors designed to be opened and what door does this not suit

A

Inwards

Cargo doors

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22
Q

What are the left hand doors used for and the right hand doors

A

Left hand- passenger entry
Right hand- galley servicing

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23
Q

What part of the door gives its rigidity

A

Intercostals

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24
Q

What do door frame stops do

A

Hold door closed when doors closed and cabin is pressurised

Uses a pressure stop pin to adjust the door to its correct position

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25
Q

What are functions of door seals

A

Prevent air pressure leaks
Prevent temp leaks
Prevent noise leaks prevent light leaks
Prevent light leaks
Improve aerodynamic smorthness

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26
Q

What are door seals made of

A

Cloth and glass reinforced sill icon rubber

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27
Q

What type of seal does the flap type seal provide

A

Pressure and weather

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28
Q

What does ICAO Annex 6 chapter 13.2.2 state about flight deck doors

A

All passenger with a certified max take off mass of 45,500 kg or passenger seating is more than 60 than an approved flight crew compartment door that is designed to resist penetration by small arms fire and grenade shrapnel, and to resist forcible intrusions by unauthorised persons

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29
Q

What two characteristics should small passenger ac cockpit doors have

A

Should be resistant to penetration when closed

Acces should only be if the door is opened normally

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30
Q

What materials are used in the construction of COCKPIT doors

A

Kevlar and dyneema

Glass reinforced polymers

Laminated of high strength S-2 glass fibres

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31
Q

What’s contained in the lower part of the flight deck door

A

Decompression and evacuation flap

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32
Q

What type of doors are over wing emergency exits

A

Plug

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33
Q

What’s important for the door operator to check before opening the door in an emergency

A

That the cabin pressure warning light isn’t on

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34
Q

What controls the girt bar position

A

The mode selector lever

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35
Q

Where’s the bulk cargo door located

A

Aft lower right hand side of fuselage behind aft cargo door

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36
Q

How are cargo door operated

A

Hydraulically electrically (manual if not available

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37
Q

If the bulk cargo door fails to stay open

A

Th counterbalance spring should be checked for the correct tension

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38
Q

How are passenger windows constructed

A

Plug type windows made of acrylic plastic

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39
Q

How many panes are there of plastic in passenger window

A

2

Sometimes a 3rd in middle for noise

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40
Q

Why’s there a hole in the inner pane of acrylic glass on passenger Windows

A

To ensure the pressure in between the panes is equal and that the window doesn’t mist

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41
Q

What’s used to clean Windows

A

Isopropanol or soapy water

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42
Q

Ow many flight deck windows are there usually

A

6

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43
Q

How are Windows numbered

A

1L 2L
1 R 2R

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44
Q

What’s cockpit windows made of

A

Tempered glass and plastic

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45
Q

What’s the outer pane made off in a cockpit window

A

Glass

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46
Q

How are cockpit windows heated

A

They have a conduction layer in the window build up which electrically heats up

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47
Q

What’s between the glass panes in a cockpit window construction to seal it

A

Silicone

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48
Q

How are cockpit fixed windows installed (internal or external)

A

Externally

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49
Q

What two types of damage on flight deck windows

A

Delamination and bubbles

Chips cracking or scratches

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50
Q

Where on the window does Delamination commonly occur

A

Edges

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51
Q

What depth does a scratch have to be for the window to have to be replaced

A

Scratches more than 0.002 inch in depth

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52
Q

What’s crazing

A

Small fissures which frequently start from small scratches in window face

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53
Q

What’s a crack ( windows )

A

A fissure where one can see the width when one looks along the faces of the fissure

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54
Q

What is the majority of ac wings design

A

Cantilever

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55
Q

What are the wing fairings purpose

A

To reduce drag

56
Q

What’s the most common material used in wing construction

A

Alluminium

57
Q

What’s the primary structural element of the wing

A

Spars

58
Q

Where does the stress from the skin on the wing get transferred to

A

Ribs and then they transfer to the spars

59
Q

What’s the difference between a mono spar, multi spar and box beam wing construction

A

Mono- only one main longitudinal member in its construction
Multi- more than one main longitudinal member
Box- two longitudinal members and connecting bulkheads for extra strength and contour to the wing

60
Q

What’s the most common spar used in wi gs

A

i-type ( top and bottom are called caps and the middle is called the web )

61
Q

What’s the difference between false spars and normal spars

A

False spars don’t run across the whole length

62
Q

Why are wingtips usually removable

A

Prone to damage

63
Q

What structure are the wing tank stress skin panels made of

A

Honeycomb

64
Q

What where early rigid removable feul tanks made off

A

Thin sheet of steel, coated with Tin or lead alloy

CALLLED TERNEPLATE

65
Q

What’s added to secure removable fuel tanks in flight

A

Padded straps to prevent movement and chafing

66
Q

What’s a bladder tank made off

A

Reinforced flexible material

67
Q

What’s a benefit of bladder tanks

A

They don’t require such a large opening in the skin to install

68
Q

What’s important to remember when installing a bladder feul tank

A

Bottom must not be wrinkled

69
Q

What’s done to a bladder tank when it’s being stored for a long period of time

A

It’s coated with clean engine oil to prevent cracking and drying

70
Q

How’ are integral wing tanks made

A

By sealing the wings with a fuel resistant two part sealant to form a fuel tank

71
Q

What’s a benefit of a integral tank

A

allows maximum volume of fuel at lowest weight

72
Q

What are aircraft with integral wing fuel tanks called

A

Wet wings

73
Q

What’s used to allow the fuel to move to the low in board parts of the integral feul tank

A

Baffles use check valves to move it there but prevent it from going back

74
Q

What are the wing tank access pannels sealed with and why

A

O ring and gasket for electrostatic bonding

75
Q

What part of the wing is the landing gear attatched to

A

Rear or false spar usually

Spars have to be very strong as the support weight of aircraft during flight

76
Q

Is the pylon built forward or aft of the forward wing spar

A

Fwd

77
Q

Where’s the loads from the control surfaces transferred to

A

Wing structure

78
Q

What spar and face of the spar is the spoilers, ailerons, flaps and slats

A

Slats- Fwd face of the front spar
Flaps- lower edge of rear spar
Ailerons- trailing edge wing structure
Spoilers- aft space of rear spar

79
Q

What’s another name for a fixed stabiliser

A

Tailplane

80
Q

How are the attatchment points of the vertical stabiliser strengthened to the fuselage

A

Splice, plates and stiffeners

81
Q

What does balancing of a flight control help to ensure

A

Remove flutter

82
Q

How doses the size or speed of the aircraft affect the force requires to move control surfaces

A

Higher the speed and heavier the aircraft the more force required

83
Q

Why are control surfaces aerodynamically balanced

A

To reduce the forces required to deflect the control surface

84
Q

What’s aerodynamic horn balancing

A

When a portion of the control surface of the ac is extended out ahead of the hinge line to assist in deflecting the control surface

85
Q

Whats mass balancing

A

Accomplished by adding weights to the leading edge of the control which moves he c of g of the flight control forward and makes the bit behind the hinge line as light as possible

86
Q

What type of structure is an engine pylon torque box

A

Primary

87
Q

How many attatchment points do3 the engine pylon torque box have to the wing

A

3

2 fore
1 aft

88
Q

What does the engine pylon torque box house

A

Bearing and engine attachment fitting

89
Q

What loads does the fore pylon attachment take
What loads does the aft pylon attachment take

A

Fore- weight and lateral loads

Aft- weight and longitudinal

90
Q

Where does the fore pylon bolts attatch to

                         Aft pylon bolts attach to?
A

Two fitting on the wing front spar

Attached towing Beam

91
Q

What do modern engines use to reduce noise

A

Acoustic panels

92
Q

What materials are usually made to make the nacelles outer skin

A

Magnesium alloy and aluminium

In hot areas stainless steel or titanium alloy

93
Q

What’s the role of the fan cowl support beam

A

Supports the fan cowl and distributes the loads through the beam to the torque

94
Q

What’s the fan cowls usually made of

A

Graphite epoxy structures

95
Q

How long do regulations say that the firewall should be able to resist fire penetration

A

15 mins

96
Q

What does the current specification state that each firewall should be

A

Fireproof

No liquid , gas’s or flame should be Abel to pass through the fire wall or shroud to other parts of the ac

Each opening in the Firewall should be fitted with a close fitting, fireproof grommets, bushings and firewalls fittings

Protected against corrosion

97
Q

What type of heat resistant materials are firewalls made of

A

Stainless steel, iconel and titanium

98
Q

When inspecting a firewall where should close attention Be payed to

A

Near engine mounts, near holes where control cables or electrical cables move through the firewall

99
Q

What are engine mounts made of

A

Chrome, molybdenum steel and nickel

100
Q

What are the bracing memeners in engine mounts called

A

V struts

101
Q

How are engine mounts secured to the aircraft

A

Heat treated steel bolts

102
Q

What load does the upper engine mount take

A

Weight and torsion (affects all not just top)

103
Q

How many attachment points are there usually on the engine mount structure

A

4

104
Q

What’s type of mounts are using to attatch the engines

A

Dynafocal mounts

105
Q

What’s used to minimise engine vibration

A

Shock mounts made of rubber and steel

106
Q

What limits excessive movement movement is the engine is subjected to abnormal shocks or loads

A

Metal snubbers

107
Q

What kind of support do dynafocal mounts give and how

A

Directional support by angling the mounts to point the c of g

108
Q

How many engine mounts support turbofan engines

A

2 fore
1 aft

109
Q

What loads do the fwd and aft vibration isolation engine mounts take

A

Fwd - Vertical, side, axial loads and permit thermal expansion

Aft - vertical and side

110
Q

What causes the humidity of the air to drop after its recycles and why

What’s done to resolve this

A

It’s repeated cycles through the water separators

Humidifiers

111
Q

What altitude are cabins designed to be at

A

8,000ft

112
Q

At what cabin altitude are flight crew required to be on oxygen

Passengers?

A

Crew- 10kft
Pass- 15ft

113
Q

At what cabin altitude are flight crew required to be on oxygen

Passengers?

A

Crew- 10kft
Pass- 15ft

114
Q

At what cabin altitude are flight crew required to be on oxygen

Passengers?

A

Crew- 10kft
Pass- 15ft

115
Q

What’s atmosphere pressure also known as

A

Barometric pressure or inches of mercury

116
Q

At fifty thousand feet what fraction of pressure is in the atmosphere compare to sea level

A

One tenth

117
Q

What’s the distance between the troposphere and earths surface

A

38,000ft

118
Q

What’s the rate of change in temp for every 10000 ft In troposphere

A

-2 or -3

119
Q

What’s the rate of change in temp for every 1000 ft In troposphere

A

-2 or -3.5

120
Q

What’s the relative constant temp of the tropopause

A

-57 c

121
Q

Why’s there less drag at high altitude

A

Less air density

122
Q

How’s Cabin differential pressure calculated

A

Cabin pressure - ambient pressure

123
Q

What’s the normal climb rate per minute

A

500ft

124
Q

What’s the normal descending rate per minute

A

300ft

125
Q

What are the three modes of pressurisation

A

Isobaric- one single pressures selected and maintained

Differential - works to maintain a a constant pressure difference between the air pressure between the cabin and the outside pressure

Manual- allows isobaric control and the rate of it to be turned off when faulty

126
Q

How longs it take to get to 40,000ft

A

20 mins

127
Q

What controls the operation of the outflow valve

A

Pressure controller

128
Q

How do outflow valves door operate

A

Pneumatically

129
Q

When will positive safety valves open

A

When there’s a differential pressure is between 8-10 psi

130
Q

What pressure differential will cause negative safety valves to open

A

0.5-1 psi

Open inwards

131
Q

When are dump valves used

A

Abnormal or emergency situations

132
Q

What 3 flight deck indications are there that

A
133
Q

What are the three cockpit indications of a pressurisation defect

A

Cabin altimeter

Cabin rate of climb or vertical speed indicator

Cabin differential pressure indicator

134
Q

How many motors operate the outflow valves and what type of motor is it

A

2 AC

1 for back up

135
Q

What mode is selected when the ac is being taxii’d

Why

What psi

A

Flight

So there is no sudden surges of pressure and it’s gradual

0.1pai

M11 Resit (13 decks)

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