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M11 Resit > 11.11 > Flashcards

11.11 Flashcards

1
Q

What psi do large aircraft hydraulics work up to

A

5000 pai

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2
Q

What psi do large aircraft hydraulics work up to

A

5000 psi

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3
Q

What advantages are there of hydraulics

A

They are easy to control and give accurate results.
It is easy to check if there is any leakage in the system.
It has automatic lubrication systems and protects from corrosion.
The hydraulic system does not cause sparks and is safe on flights.
It is easy to repair and maintain.

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4
Q

What disadvantages is hydraulics

A

Using inappropriate fluids damages the components of the hydraulic system.
Leakage of fluids can cause ignition of fire hazards.
Contamination in the system or fluids affects the performance and even damages the system.

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5
Q

What’s 1 bar in psi

A

14.5

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6
Q

What psi do civil aircraft hydraulic systems work with

A

3000 psi

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7
Q

What’s hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure what ones used in ac

A

Hydro static - pressure produced by static or nearly static fluids (this is the type used in ac)

Dynamic- pressure caused by movin liquids

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8
Q

What’s hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure what ones used in ac

A

Hydro static - pressure produced by static or nearly static fluids (this is the type used in ac)

Dynamic- pressure caused by movin liquids

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9
Q

What’s in place for hydraulic redundancy

A

3 systems

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10
Q

What’s on open centre hydraulic system

A

One that had fluid flow but no pressure in the system when the actuating members are idle

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11
Q

What’s the difference between the selector valve in the open centre hydraulics system ans the closed centre system

A

Always connected in a series in open centre systems

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12
Q

What does every hydraulic system need

A

A mechanical or electric system

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13
Q

What’s the fluid doing in the closed centre hydraulic system

A

Fluids under pressure whenever pumps operating

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14
Q

What’s the fluid doing in the closed centre hydraulic system

A

Fluids under pressure whenever pumps operating

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15
Q

What controls the pressure of a closed centre system with a variable displacement pump

A

Pumps integral pressure mechanism compensator

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16
Q

What regulates the pressure and what acts as a back up device in a closed centre hydraulic system with a constant delivery pump

A

Pressure regulator

Relief valve

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17
Q

What’s an advantage of the open centre hydraulic system over the closed centre hydraulic system

A

The continuous pressurisation of the system is eliminated

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18
Q

What does the gradual build up of pressure of the open centre system provide

A

Smooth actuation of surface but this means it takes a lot longer to move that then the closed system

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19
Q

Are closed or open centre systems more commonly used

A

Closed due to speed of actuation

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20
Q

What’s a benifit of power boost systems

A

Reduce weight by eliminating hydraulic lines and quantities of the fluid

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21
Q

What type of characteristics do ac oils need to have

A

Low flammability
Corrosion resistance
Good lubricating quality
Resistance to freezing
Non-evaporating
Non-foaming
Chemical stability (the ability of the oil to resist oxidation and deterioration for prolonged periods, this reduces the need for frequent oil changes)
Hygroscopic quality

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22
Q

What happens to viscosity as temp decreases

A

Increases

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23
Q

What’s chemical stability

A

Liquids resistance to oxidation and deterioration over long periods

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24
Q

What’s a flash point

A

The point in which a liquid gives off another vapour in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily or flash when a flames applies

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25
Q

What a fire point

A

The temp in which a substance gives off a Vapour in a sufficient quantity to ignite and continue to burn when exposed to a spark or flame

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26
Q

What colour is mineral based oil and where’s it used

A

Red

Used in systems wheee the fire hazards low

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27
Q

What characteristics does polyalphaolefin based fluids have

A

Fire resistant

High viscosity at low temps (DISADVANTAGE)

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28
Q

What are properties of phosphate ester based fluids (skydrol)

A

Most common used

Extremely fire resistant but not fire proof so can burn

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29
Q

What’s the difference between type 1 ans two phosphate ester based fluids

A

1 is low density

2 is average density

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30
Q

What advantages do class 1 phosphate ester hydraulic fluids over 2

A

Weight saving

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31
Q

What advantages do class 1 phosphate ester hydraulic fluids over 2

A

Weight saving

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32
Q

Why are type v fluids being developed instead of type iv

A

To get a more thermally stable fluid at high temps

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33
Q

Why are type v fluids being developed instead of type iv

A

To get a more thermally stable fluid at high temps

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34
Q

Should hydraulic fluids be mixed

A

No

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35
Q

What paints are skydrol resistant

A

Epoxies and polyurethanes

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36
Q

What are the two types of hydraulic fluid contaminants

A

Abrasive - sand chips and rust

Non abrasive - oil oxidation’s, seals and soft particles

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37
Q

What’s in place at the hydraulic fill connector in pressurised filling

A

It has a restrictor

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38
Q

Where’s the hydraulic sampling located and why’s hydraulic fluid sampled

A

In the HP manifold of each hydraulic system

To check for water and reduction in fluid performance

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39
Q

How often should hydraulic fluid be sampled

A

Every year or 3000 flights
When malfunctions it should be checked too
If suspected to be contaminated should be drained and replaced

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40
Q

What do reservoirs also do as well as store the fluid

A

Acts as an overflow for excess fluid forced out of the system by thermal expansion

And to compensate for varying in demands of hydraulic fluid

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41
Q

What’s in place to prevent The fluid in the hydraulic from having random movement

A

Baffle plates

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42
Q

What’s in place to prevent The fluid in the hydraulic from having random movement

A

Baffle plates

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43
Q

What’s incorporated in the filler neck of hydraulic reservoir

A

A strainer to prevent debris gettin in it during servicing

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44
Q

What ac are non pressurised hydraulics used for

A

ac designed for violent manoeuvres, ac that don’t fly at high manoeuvres

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45
Q

How are hydraulic reservoirs slightly pressurised

A

Due to thermal expansions and return of fluid to the reservoir from main system

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46
Q

What does a hydraulic reservoir temperature transducer do

A

Provides hydraulic fluid temp information for the flight deck

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47
Q

How many filters are in a reservoir pressurisation module

A

2

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48
Q

How many check valves are in the reservoir pressurisation module

A
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49
Q

What’s used on the bleed valve of the reservoir pressurisation module when being used

A

A rag

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50
Q

Before servicing the reservoir what needs to be ensured

A

Spoilers are retracted
Landing gear is down
Landing gear doors are closed
Thrust reversers are retracted
Parking brake accumulator pressure reads at least 2500 psi

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51
Q

What’s a hydraulic accumulator

A

Where potential energy is stored in the form of compressed gas or spring

Acts as a pulsation absorber/smoothener

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52
Q

How’s a spherical accumulator work

A

Divided into two chambers with the upper chamber that contains hydraulic fluid ans the bottoms contains nitrogen with a rubber diaphragm

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53
Q

How’s a spherical accumulator work

A

Divided into two chambers with the upper chamber that contains hydraulic fluid ans the bottoms contains nitrogen with a rubber diaphragm

The nitrogen forces the fluid out when rewuired

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54
Q

Are cylindrical or rectangular reservoirs used in high pressure systems

A

Cylindrical

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55
Q

What’s the accumulator preload

A

When the compressed nitrogen chamber is charged to a predetermined pressure lower than the systems operating pressure

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56
Q

Where are mechanical hydraulic pumps mounted

A

Accessory gearbox of main engine

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57
Q

Where’s the electric pump mounted

A

Away from engine in wheel well or hydraulics bay

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58
Q

What are the two types of hydraulic pumps and what type is most commonly used in hydraulic systems

A

Displacement and positive displacement

Positive

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59
Q

What do constant displacement pumps do

A

Provide a constant volume of fluid regardless of the pressure demands

60
Q

What type of pump is a gear type power pump

A

Positive displacement pump

61
Q

What type of pump is a gerotor pump

A

Positive displacement

62
Q

What’s the main type of main system pump

A

Piston pumps

63
Q

What’s the main type of main system pump

A

Piston pumps

64
Q

Are piston pumps constant or variable displacement pumps

A

Both

65
Q

What do the pump drive couplings in a piston pump act as

A

Safety devices

66
Q

What does the displacement of hydraulic fluid depend on in incline piston pumps

A

The size and number of pistons as well as there stroke length

67
Q

What does the displacement of hydraulic fluid depend on in incline piston pumps

A

The size and number of pistons as well as there stroke length

68
Q

What oils can be mixed

A

Mineral oils NOT SYNTHETIC

69
Q

Are variable displacement pumps or displacement pumps more energy efficient

A

Variable

70
Q

When are electric pumps or alerternat8fn current motors used

A

Primary pumps and used in emergencies or on ground when engines aren’t available

71
Q

What type of pump is air driven pump

How are they used

A

Vdp

As demand pumps (usually driven used ram air or RAT)

72
Q

What does ACMP stand for

A

Alrernating current motor pump

73
Q

What are hand driven pumps made for

A

Emergencies and testing

74
Q

What’s the benifit of a single refilling port on a hand pump

A

Reduces chances of fluid contamination

75
Q

What are the three types of hand pumps and which one is the least effective

A

Single action (least effective)
Double action
Rotary

76
Q

What are 3 uses for emergency and back up pressurisation

A

To help maintain pressurisation if there’s a high user demand

To replace main pressurisation if a fault occurs

For maintenance purposes on the ground when engines aren’t running

77
Q

What are 3 uses for emergency and back up pressurisation

A

To help maintain pressurisation if there’s a high user demand

To replace main pressurisation if a fault occurs

For maintenance purposes on the ground when engines aren’t running

78
Q

What does the rat provide

A

Hydraulic and electrical

79
Q

How’s the rat retracted

A

Hydraulically

80
Q

What can be done to prevent rat operation

A

Safety locking pins

Cbs pulled

81
Q

How does the PTU supply back up for hydraulics

A

By converting energy using a drive shaft

DOESNT TRANSFER THE HYDRAULIC LIQUID

82
Q

How does the PTU supply back up for hydraulics

A

By converting energy using a drive shaft

DOESNT TRANSFER THE HYDRAULIC LIQUID

83
Q

What build up are Electrically driven hydraulic pumps

A

Nine piston variable displacement hydraulic pumps

84
Q

How are electrically driven hydraulic pumps made up

A

Nine piston variable displacement pump

85
Q

What causes 85% of hydraulic system failure

A

Contamination

86
Q

What are wire mesh filters usually used for

A

Surface cleaning

87
Q

What are micro glass filters designed to provide

A

Best FILTRATION

88
Q

What size particles does the micro glass filter prevent the passage off

A

Bigger than 10 microns

89
Q

What size particles does the micro glass filter prevent the passage off

A

Bigger than 10 microns

90
Q

What are cellulose paper filters made of

A

Resin impregnated Cellulose which is pleated

91
Q

What’s the filter head

A

To the ac structure and connecting lines

92
Q

What does the filter bypass valve do

A

Opens if the filter clogs

93
Q

What does the filter bypass valve do

A

Opens if the filter clogs

94
Q

What happens upstream of a clogged filter

A

Increased pressure

95
Q

What happens upstream of a clogged filter

A

Increased pressure

96
Q

What are the most common types of filters

A

Ball type

Sleeve type

Poppet type

97
Q

What can pressure relief valves be used as

A

A system relief valve

Thermal relief valve

98
Q

What’s one purpose of pressure regulators

A

Manage the outputs of the pump to maintain the system operating pressure to a certain range

99
Q

What are pressure reducers used for

A

Used in systems that need to be provided with a steady pressure into the system that operates at a lower pressure

100
Q

How are v rings installed

A

With the open end of the v facing towards the pressure

2 part seal with a male and female seal that sit together

101
Q

How are v rings installed

A

With the open end of the v facing towards the pressure

2 part seal with a male and female seal that sit together

102
Q

Where are U-cup seals or U-rings used

A

In brake units

103
Q

What pressures do U cup seals get exposed to

A

Less than 1000 psi in ONE DIRECTION

104
Q

What pressures do U cup seals get exposed to

A

Less than 1000 psi in ONE DIRECTION

105
Q

What are red o rings compatible with

What are blue o rings compatible with

A

Red- feul

Blue- hydraulic

106
Q

What are red o rings compatible with

What are blue o rings compatible with

A

Red- feul

Blue- hydraulic

107
Q

What’s used in systems where there’s a high differential pressure to strong for a single o ring

A

Back up rings

108
Q

What are back up rings made from

A

Teflon

109
Q

Where should back up rings be installed in relation to the o ring

A

Dowstream

110
Q

What should be checked when checking back up rings with the coils

A

They aren’t separated more than 1/4 inch

111
Q

What’s the difference between the application of the static and dynamic doors

A

Static- used to seal against steady or pulsating pressure

Dynamic- used Wheres stroking or rotational move,emits occur

112
Q

What’s the difference between the application of the static and dynamic doors

A

Static- used to seal against steady or pulsating pressure

Dynamic- used Wheres stroking or rotational move,emits occur

113
Q

What materials are used for gaskets

A

Asbestos

Copper

Cork

Rubber

114
Q

Where’s asbestos gaskets used

A

Places where heat resistance is needed

115
Q

Where’s asbestos gaskets used

A

Places where heat resistance is needed

116
Q

Where are solid copper gaskets used

A

Spark plugs

Where it needs to be non compressible but yet semi soft

117
Q

Where are cork gaskets used

A

For an oil seal

118
Q

Where’s rubber gaskets used

A

Where there’s a need for a compressible gasket

119
Q

Where’s rubber gaskets used

A

Where there’s a need for a compressible gasket

120
Q

What’s a selector valve

A

Used to control the direction of movement of a hydraulic actuating cylinder

121
Q

What’s the difference between an open and closed selector valve

A

An open centre allows a continuous flow of system hydraulic fluid regardless if the selector is even able to actuate a unit

A closed centre valve blocks the flow f fluid through valve when it’s in neutral or off

122
Q

What’s the difference between an open and closed selector valve

A

An open centre allows a continuous flow of system hydraulic fluid regardless if the selector is even able to actuate a unit

A closed centre valve blocks the flow f fluid through valve when it’s in neutral or off

123
Q

What’s the most common selector valve

A

Closed centre selector valves with 4 ports

124
Q

What are sequence valves

A

Sequence valves control the sequence of operation between two branches in a circuit; they enable one unit to automatically set another unit into motion

125
Q

How’s the opening pressure of the pressure controlled sequence valve obtained

A

By adjusting the tension of the spring they normally holds the piston in the closed position

126
Q

What do priority valves do

A

Gives priority to critical hydraulic subsystems over non critical systems

127
Q

What are quick disconnect valves used for

A

To prevent loss of fluid when units are removed

128
Q

What do non return valves do

A

Allows a liquid or gas’s to flow through itself in only one direction

129
Q

What do non return valves do

A

Allows a liquid or gas’s to flow through itself in only one direction

130
Q

What’s the purpose of shuttle valve

A

To isolate to normal system from the alternate or emergency system

131
Q

What’s a hydraulic fuse do

A

It senses a sudden increase in flow and then shuts off the fluid flow to preserve hydraulic fluid for the rest of the system

132
Q

What’s a hydraulic fuse do

A

It senses a sudden increase in flow and then shuts off the fluid flow to preserve hydraulic fluid for the rest of the system

133
Q

What’s special about the movement of a rotary actuator

A

They’re not limited to the 90 degrees pivot arc of typical cylinders and can go 180,360,720

134
Q

What’s special about the movement of a rotary actuator

A

They’re not limited to the 90 degrees pivot arc of typical cylinders and can go 180,360,720

135
Q

Where are rotary actuators usually used

A

On nose wheel steering

136
Q

Why are heat exchangers used in hydraulic systems

A

It extends the life of the fluid nd pump

137
Q

What a non disconnecting pipe fittings used for

A

To repair broken pipes

138
Q

What’s the difference between the pressure switch and the pressure transducer

A

The switch is more likely to be used on pressure systems of a hugger importance of safety

139
Q

What’s the difference between the pressure switch and the pressure transducer

A

The switch is more likely to be used on pressure systems of a hugger importance of safety

140
Q

What do bourdon tubes do

A

Liquid and pneumatic pressure measurement

141
Q

What’s the usual differential pressure measurement of a bourdon tube

A

100,000 psi

142
Q

What’s a HMDG what’s it do

A

Hydraulic motor driven generating an can provide electrics in the event of a electrical failure

143
Q

What’s the disadvantages of fly by wire systems

A

If a actuator fails then the whole system has to be stopped

144
Q

What’s better fly by wire or power by wire (pbw)

A

Power by wire is more efficient and reliable

145
Q

What are baffles for

A

To prevent any feul surging due to changes in ATTITUDE

M11 Resit (13 decks)

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