1.12 Shaking & Stirred

Question 1

P Waves

Answer 1

Short wavelength & travels fast through both solid rock and liquid, waves push and pull creating compressional and extensional zones.

Question 2

S Waves

Answer 2

Slower than P waves but can only move through solid and rock, longer wavelength and movement is perpendicular to direction of travel.

Question 3

L Waves

Answer 3

Slowest, most destructive wave and can only move across surface, largest amplitude and shakes ground horizontally as the wave travel forward.

Question 4

Crustal Fracturing

Answer 4

Energy released causes crust to crack and land to be displaced vertically.

Question 5

Ground Shaking

Answer 5

Causes buildings, bridges, roads and other infrastructure to collapse.

Question 6

Liquefaction

Answer 6

Surface rocks lose strength in violent shaking and become more liquid than solid thus losing its ability to support building foundations and cars.

Question 7

Landslides

Answer 7

Shaking places rock slopes under increased stress which could lead to failure.

Question 8

Secondary Hazards

Answer 8

Indirect EQ causes i.e. liquefaction and landslides.

Question 9

Aftershocks

Answer 9

Smaller earthquakes that follow main earthquake, whilst fault readjusts to initial release of strain - these can significantly hamper response and recovery especially when larger than expected.