1.10 Manilla Has Fallen

Question 1

Multiple Hazard Zone

Answer 1

A location where two or more geophysical and hydrometeorological hazards can occur at any point.

Question 2

Hydrometeorological Hazards

Answer 2

A hazard as a result of processes in the atmosphere e.g. rain, drought, avalanche.

Question 3

Philippines

Answer 3

3rd in World Risk Index.
8 of the most in risk cities are in Ph - Multiple Hazard Zone.
555 major hazards 1960-2015
In 2013 Bohol Earthquake and Haiyan Typhoon.

Question 4

Philippines Tectonic Context

Answer 4

On complex multiple plate boundary in ‘Ring Of Fire’.
2 major destructive margins joined by conservative margin.
37 volcanoes - 18 active.
12 destructive earthquakes over past 40 years.
Eastern/Northern coasts face Pacific Ocean - most tsunami prone ocean.
Events can leave steep rugged slopes and poor vegetation.

Question 5

Philippines Hydro-Meteorological Context

Answer 5

Tropical monsoon climate brings rain and winds.
Lies within SE Asia’s typhoon belt - saturated hill slopes.
Average of 20 typhoons hit the country, 7-10 which are destructive.
High risk of storm surges, floods and landslides.
El-Nino brings periodic drought where temps can caused wildfires.
La Nina mad rainfall.

Question 6

Philippines Development Context

Answer 6

Rapidly developing with large population.
Rapid urbanisation led to large informal settlements and high population densities.
25% of population live in poverty.
50% of rural population live in poverty and rely on agriculture.
High levels of deforestation & corruption.

Question 7

Heavy Rainfall

Answer 7

Heavy rainfall and extreme weather events saturate the soil and trigger mudslides/landslides e.g. La Nina.

Question 8

Rain + Volcano

Answer 8

Mixes with volcanic ash creating large lahars that cause large threat.

Question 9

1991: Mt Pinatubo + Typhoon Yunya

Answer 9

Second largest volcanic eruption, generating large pyroclastic flows and clouds of volcanic ash, it coincided with the Typhoon, and rainfall and the ask developed devastating lahars.

Question 10

1991: Mt Pinatubo + Typhoon Yunya Damages

Answer 10

837 dead.
73,000 Houses Damaged
$211 million economic damage.
Aerosols & Dusts Released Into Stratosphere To Create Sulphuric Acid Haze.

Question 11

2006: Mt Mayon + Typhoon Durian

Answer 11

Active composite volcano erupts frequently, which alongside cone shaped attracts tourists and bare income.
Typhoon brings heavy rainfall causing widespread flooding and mixed with ash causing mudflows and lahars killing over 1000 people.