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Respiratory > 111814 bacteria > Flashcards

111814 bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

common bacterial pathogens of upper RT

A

bordetella pertussis
corynebacterium diphtheriae
neisseria meningitidis
strep pyogenes

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2
Q

common bacterial pathogens of lower RT

A 
staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
mycoplasma penumoniae
pseudomonas aeruginosa
legionella aeruginosa
mycobacterium tuberculosis
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3
Q

important virulence factors of strep pyogenes

A

see slide 6

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4
Q

general strategies used by RT pathogens to cause disease

A

adherence/invasion to RT tissues (pili, fimbriae, adhesins)
secretion of tissue damaging enzymes
factors that inhibit or neutralize host defense (proteases, capsule)

toxins that alter/inactivate host cell fxns (ribosylate G proteins and EF2, phospholipases)

factors that overstimulate immune response (superantigens)
form microcommunities (biofilms) to resist elimination
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5
Q

diseases associated with bordetella pertussis infec of RT

A

whooping cough (pertussis)–catarrhal (high # organisms but little symptoms), paroxysmal (severe clinical symptoms of hacking followed by whoop. few organisms. mostly due to toxin), and convalescence (few organisms)

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6
Q

mechanism of dis elicitation in b pertussis

A

bacteria binds to ciliated epithelium
pertussis toxin alters adenylate cyclase activity and increases secretions/mucus production

other secreted factors damage the mucociliary escalator

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7
Q

diptheria toxin’s effects

A

ADP-ribosylates EF2 (inhibits protein synthesis)

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8
Q

important virulence factors of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

diphteria toxin

pili

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9
Q

diseases associated with corynebacterium diptheriae infec

A

non toxin-producing strains: localized infec with pseudomembrane

toxin producing strains: systemic disease

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10
Q

mech of dis elicitation in corynebacterium diptheriae

A

pili mediate adherence to respiratory epithelium

extensive bacterial replication

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11
Q

diseases associated with neisseria meningtidis infec of RT

A

pharyngitis
pneumonia

often seen in individuals with underlying dis or in kids

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12
Q

mechanisms of disease elicitation for neis meningitidis

A

capsule prevents phagocytosis
pili allows colonization of nasopharynx
endotoxin causes most of clinical manifestations
LOS has endotoxin activity

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13
Q

strep pyogenes virulence factors

A

beta hemolytic
M protein
capsule

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14
Q

diseases associated w strep pyogenes infec of RT

A

pharyngitis (strep throat)

scarlet fever

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15
Q

strep pyogenes-mechanisms of dis elicitation?

A

surface proteins promote adherence
localized tissue destruction due to secreted enzymes
scarlet fever due to pyrogenic exotoxins-superantigens

virulence factors: capsule, pyrotenic exotoxins, streptolysin O, streptolysin S

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16
Q

staph aureus–diseases associated with infection of RT?

A

pneumonia-very young and elderly with underlying pulm disease. acquired via aspiration of oral secretions or hemoatogenous spread from distant infec site

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17
Q

virulence factors of staph aureus

A

capsule
LTA (like strep pyogenes)-for binding
protein A-binds Fc receptor to prevent clearance
cytotoxins

18
Q

mechanism of disease elicitation for staph aureus

A

normal component of nasopharyngeal flora
pulm tissue destruc due to secreted enzymes
can spread to other infec sites to manifest diff disease symptoms

19
Q

strep pneumo features

A

alpha hemolytic

20
Q

diseases associated with infec of the RT for strep pneumo

A

lobar penumonia
sinusitis
otitis media

21
Q

mech of dis elicitation for s pneumo

A

pneumolysin-destroy ciliated epithelial cells, activates alternative complement pathway, suppresses phagocyte oxidative burst

22
Q

s pneumo-is there a vaccine?

A

yes
adults and children greater than 2–23 capsular polysaccharide vaccine

for children under 2-13 valent conjugate vaccine

23
Q

what are the growth requirements for haemophilus influenzae?

A

heme, NAD

these are unusual growth requirements

24
Q

diseases associated with haemophilus influenzae infec of RT

A

pneumonia
sinusitis
otitis
epiglottitis

25
Q

mech of disease elicitation fo haemophlius influenzae

A

attaches to respiratory epithelium with pili and OMPs
gains access to underlying submucosa
cause induction of localized pro inflam response

26
Q

virulence factors of haemophilus influenzae

A

capsule
pili
OMPs
LOS

27
Q

vaccine for haemophilus influenzae?

A

yes

28
Q

mycoplasma pneumoniae features

A

obligate aerobe

P1 adhesin

29
Q

diseases associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infec

A

tracheobronchitis

atypical pneumonia

30
Q

features of bordetella pertussis

A

pertactin (adhesin)

31
Q

features of corynebacterium diphtehriae

A

pallisades
pili
diphth toxin-ADP ribosylates EF2

32
Q

mech of dis elicitation for m pneumoniae

A

P1 adhesin-association cuases accumulation of toxic metabolites and oxidation of lipids. destroys cilia and inhibits clearance by normal mechanisms resulting in shedding of bacterium in respiratory secretions

induces inflam response

33
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa important features

A

oxidase positive

biofilm

34
Q

diseases associated w pseudomonas aeruginosa infec

A

lung infections of cystic fibrosis pts

35
Q

p aeruginosa mech of dis elicitation

A

biofilm formation
pilins and adhesins
numerous secreted proteins which damage host cells

36
Q

legionella penumophila features

A

opportunistic pathogen

cytotoxins, hemolysins, endotoxins, lipases

37
Q

dis associated with legionella penumophila infec

A

Legionnaire’s disease-severe pneumonia like symptoms

Pontiac fever-self limiting flu like disease

38
Q

legionella pneumophila mech of dis elicitation

A

survives insid alveolar macrophages within lungs

39
Q

what does the thick waxy cell wall of mycobacterium tuberculosis contain

A

mycolic acids

lipoarabinomannan

40
Q

features of mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

acid fast rods

survives within granulomas

41
Q

mech of dis elicitation for m tuberculosis

A

survives within granulomas

dis symptoms primarily in overexaggerated host response to infec leading to tissue NECROSIS

42
Q

virulence factors of m tuberculosis

A

lkong chain fatty acids (mycolic acids, liparabinomanna)–prevent damage by host compounds found in granuloma

cord factor–inhibits PMNs

Respiratory (25 decks)

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