111214 intro to sleep

Question 1

what kind of waves in different stages of sleep?

Answer 1

BATSDB mneumonic

Question 2

in what stage is it low amplitude, high frequency EEG waveform?

Answer 2

awake and REM

in REM, there’s sawtooth waves

Question 3

in what stage are there sleep spindles and K complexes?

Answer 3

stage 2

Question 4

low frequency, high amplitude EEG characterizes which sleep stage?

Answer 4

3,4

delta waves

Question 5

REM sleep usually changes how over the sleeping period?

Answer 5

REM episodes increase in length

Question 6

sleep architecture of newborn compared to young adult?

Answer 6

cycle shorter, but total is longer. increased REM

Question 7

sleep architecture of elderly compared to to young

Answer 7

little stage 4, 3. instead of 5 cycles, have 10-15 cycles

Question 8

what type of sleep predominates the first half of the night

Answer 8

NREM

Question 9

what kind of sleep predominates the last half of night

Answer 9

REM

Question 10

stage 2 sleep accounts for about what percentage of the entire night?

Answer 10

45-55%

Question 11

dreams are usually not recalled in what kind of sleep?

Answer 11

NREM

Question 12

what sleep is associated with active dreaming?

Answer 12

REM

Question 13

paradoxical sleep is another name for

Answer 13

REM sleep

Question 14

sleep wake cycle is affected by what?

Answer 14

circadian factors

duration of wakefulness and sleep

Question 15

process C

Answer 15

alerting signal that keeps you awake
at night, it shuts off

circadian oscillatory component affecting the propensity for sleep and waking

Question 16

process H

Answer 16

sleep load
homeostatic process
the longer awake, the greater propensity to sleep

Question 17

what is responsible for circadian pattern?

Answer 17

neurons in suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus

Question 18

what does the internal biological clock match?

Answer 18

the day length by the environmental photoperiod

Question 19

how does resetting of biological clock occur?

Answer 19

mediated through photoreceptors in retina which send signals to SCN

Question 20

if you had eternal darkness, what would happen to sleep rhythm?

Answer 20

no cues–

so would sleep later and later each night

Question 21

process S

Answer 21

drive to sleep (increases with time in awake state)

Question 22

ascending projections from what affect the sleep wake cycle?

Answer 22

brainstem (serotnoinergic neurons in raphe pallidus,noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus)
and hypothalamus

Question 23

wakefulness is promoted by

Answer 23

increased excitatory and decreased inhibitory neuromodulators

circadian and homeostatic centers

Question 24

NREM sleep occurs when

Answer 24

when brainstem excitatory and hypothalamic circadian and homoestatic factors decrease

Question 25

REM sleep occurs when?

Answer 25

when reduced NE and serotonin release inhibition of pontine PPT and LDT cholinergic neurons which activate REM system

Question 26

REM sleep: discharge rate of neurons, cerebral glucose utilization, cerebral blood flow?

Answer 26

all increased

Question 27

somatic activity in NREM vs REM sleep

Answer 27

NREM: few motor events, body repositioning

REM: paralysis. phasic events (rapid eye movements, muscle twitches)

Question 28

breathing during REM sleep

Answer 28

irregularities in timing and amplitude
rib cage activity is reduced

paradoxical respiration–rib cage moves inward when the abdomen moves outward

Question 29

breathing patterns in NREM sleep

Answer 29

stage 1,2–not as regular

stage 3,4–regular breathing

Question 30

what decreases more during deep sleep: ventilation or metabolic rate?

Answer 30

ventilation, so PaCO2 increases

called sleep induced hypoventilation

Question 31

decreased HR and CO during sleep are due to?

Answer 31

ANS–parasympathetic activity predominating in NREM and REM sleep

Question 32

GH, parathyroid, cortisol levels in sleep?

Answer 32

GH: peak 90 minutes after sleep onset

parathyroid: increased
cortisol: cortisol decreases after beginning sleep. cortisol levels are lowest in early part of sleep and highest from 4-8am.

Question 33

REM sleep–thermoregulation?

Answer 33

no regulation (no shivering response, no sweating at high ambient temps)

Question 34

NREM sleep-thermoregulation?

Answer 34

lowered temperature set point