11.1: Linear Motion Flashcards

1
Q

Scalar quantity definition:

A
  • when measurements are only described in terms of size or magnitude.
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2
Q

Examples of scalar quantities:

A
  • mass, distance and speed
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3
Q

Vector quantities definition:

A
  • when measurements are described in terms of magnitude and directions.
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4
Q

Examples of vector quantities:

A
  • weight, acceleration, displacement, velocity and momentum
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5
Q

What are vectors?

A
  • usually represented by arrows. The length of the arrow shows the magnitude and the longer the arrow, the bigger the size.
  • direction is shown by a line of application, a point of application and an arrow head.
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6
Q

Mass definition:

A
  • the quantity of matter the body possesses.
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7
Q

Vector quantities definition:

A
  • quantities that have size and direction
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8
Q

Distance definition:

A
  • measured in metered and is the path a body takes as it moves from the starting to the finishing position.
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9
Q

Displacement definition:

A
  • measured in metres and is the shortest route in a straight line between the starting and finishing position.
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10
Q

Speed definition:

A
  • a measurement in metres/second (m/s) of the body’s movement per unit of times with no reference in direction.
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11
Q

Velocity definition:

A
  • measured in metres/second (m/s) and is the rate of change of displacement.
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12
Q

Why is weight a vector quantity?

A
  • because it has both size and direction as it acts downwards from the centre of mass.
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13
Q

Why is mass a scalar quantity?

A
  • because it does not have a direction, just size.
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14
Q

What is the weight equation?

A
  • W = m x g
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15
Q

What is the speed equation?

A
  • speed = (m/s) = distance (m) / time (s)
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16
Q

What is the velocity equation?

A
  • velocity = displacement (m) / time taken (s’
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17
Q

Speed vs velocity:

A
  • speed and velocity are measurements of how fast a body moves.
  • speed is a scalar quantity and is the rate of change of distance.
18
Q

Diagram:

A
  • A-B: constant speed
  • B-C: deceleration
  • C-D: no motion
19
Q

What is acceleration?

A
  • the rate of change of velocity.
  • when velocity increases, positive acceleration occurs and when velocity decreases, negative acceleration takes place.
  • measured in m/s (squared)
20
Q

What is the acceleration equation?

A
  • acceleration = the change in velocity / time
21
Q

What is the change in velocity equation?

A

Final velocity - initial velocity / time

22
Q

What is momentum?

A
  • the product of the mass and velocity of an object
  • vector quantity - has both magnitude and direction
  • dependent upon mass and velocity , if one increases momentum increases
23
Q

What is the momentum equation?

A
  • momentum = mass (in kg) x v (in m/s)
24
Q

External force definition:

A
  • force from outside the body, e.g. the quadriceps contract concentrically to extend the knee in a jump.
25
Q

Internal force definition:

A
  • is generated by the skeletal muscles, e.g. friction, air resistance and weight.
26
Q

Weight definition:

A
  • the gravitational force exerted on an object.
  • weight = mass -x acceleration, due to gravity and is measured in Newton’s (N)
27
Q

Reaction force definition:

A
  • this occurs when two bodies are in contact with one another.
28
Q

Friction definition:

A
  • occurs when two or more bodies are in contact with one another.
29
Q

Air resistance definition:

A
  • a force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a body travelling through the air.
30
Q

What are the vertical forces?

A
  • weight
  • reaction force
31
Q

What are horizontal forces?

A
  • static
  • sliding
32
Q

Static definition:

A
  • force exerted on one surface by another when there is no motion between the two surfaces.
  • occurs before an object starts to slide.
  • dry friction
33
Q

Sliding definition:

A
  • when dry friction acts between two surfaces that are moving relative to one another, sliding friction occurs.
34
Q

What are the factors that can affect friction?

A
  • the surface characteristics of the two bodies in contact
  • the temperature of the bodies
  • the mass of the objects that are sliding. The larger the mass results in greater friction.
35
Q

What does air resistance depend on?

A
  • the velocity of the moving body.
  • the cross-sectional area of a moving body.
  • the shape and surface characteristics of a moving body.
36
Q

What is net force?

A
  • resultant force acting on the body when all other forces have been considered.
  • balanced vs unbalanced forces.
37
Q

Balanced force definition:

A
  • when there are two or more forces acting on a body that are equal in size but opposite in direction.
  • when standing, the weight force and reaction force are equal in size but opposite in direction = zero net force.
38
Q

Unbalanced force definition:

A
  • when a force acting in one direction on a body is larger than a force acting in the opposite direction.
  • when jumping the RF is bigger than the WF.
39
Q

Impulse equation:

A
  • impulse (m/s) = force x time.
40
Q

Net impulse definition:

A
  • a combination of positive and negative impulses.