110 TACTICAL MEASURES FUNDAMENTALS Flashcards
What are the key principles for unaided day and night observation?
Avoid movement, use concealment, stay low, avoid reflections, blend with background, stay in shade, distort object outlines, avoid skyline
Why should you remain motionless while observing?
Anything in motion attracts the eye
How does concealment aid observation?
Offers a low silhouette and makes detection difficult
What should you avoid exposing during observation?
Anything that reflects light
Why is blending with the background important?
Contrasting colors are noticeable
What attracts attention when moving?
Shadows in sunlight
How should military object outlines be managed?
Distort or change their regular shape
Why avoid the skyline during observation?
Figures are visible and identifiable from great distances
What is the off-center vision method?
Look 6-10 degrees above, below, or beside an object, not directly at it
Why is off-center vision used at night?
Direct vision is ineffective due to the night blind spot
What does the scanning method involve?
Slow, regular movement from right to left or left to right
How does scanning help at night?
Overcomes eye limitations and reduces visual illusions
What is the strip method for daylight observation?
Search narrow strips 50 meters deep, right to left, then left to right, overlapping
How should you preserve night vision in lighted areas?
Close and cover one eye
What happens to the unprotected eye in light?
Loses night vision until it adapts
How does red light affect night vision?
Helps preserve it but is visible from a distance
What factors reduce night visual acuity?
Fatigue, lack of oxygen, sunlight exposure, alcohol, nicotine, age
Does straining improve night vision?
No, but practice enhances perception
How can hearing be enhanced during observation?
Open mouth, remove helmet, ear to ground
What does the SALUTE report acronym stand for?
Size, Activity, Location, Unit, Time, Equipment
What must a SALUTE report include?
Size/strength, actions, location/direction, unit ID, time, equipment/weapons
What is an example of a SALUTE report?
“Seven enemy soldiers, traveling SW, crossed road junction on BLACK RIDGE, unit unknown, at 211300 Aug carrying one machine gun and one rocket launcher”
What does the Situation paragraph of SMEAC cover?
Environment, enemy forces, friendly forces, attachments/detachments
What is included in the Mission paragraph of SMEAC?
A clear, concise task statement
What does the Execution paragraph of SMEAC detail?
Concept of operations, tasks, movement, actions, coordination
What is covered in the Administration and Logistics paragraph?
Rations, ammo, medical, POW handling
What does the Command and Signal paragraph specify?
Communication instructions, leader locations
How is the column formation signal given?
Raise arm vertically, drop it rearward in circles
What indicates echelon left or right?
Extend arm 45 degrees below horizontal, palm forward, lower arm showing direction
How is the skirmishers signal performed?
Raise both arms horizontally, move desired hand up and down
What is the wedge formation signal?
Extend both arms downward at 45 degrees, palms forward
How do you signal a fire team?
Place right arm diagonally across chest
What is the squad signal?
Extend hand toward squad leader, palm down, move up and down
How is the platoon signaled?
Extend both arms forward, palms down, make large vertical circles
What does the close up signal look like?
Arms extended sideward, palms forward, brought together
How is the open up signal given?
Arms forward, palms together, then spread to sides
What is the halt/stop signal?
Hand to shoulder, palm forward, thrust upward
How do you signal dismount/take cover?
Extend arm 45 degrees above horizontal, palm down, lower to side
What indicates a hasty ambush?
Raise fist to shoulder, thrust in desired direction
What does SAFE stand for in fighting positions?
Security, Automatic Weapons, Field of Fire, Entrenchment
What does security mean in SAFE?
Set up security before digging
How are automatic weapons positioned in SAFE?
Oriented to likely enemy approaches
What is meant by field of fire in SAFE?
Clearing areas for effective shooting
What does entrenchment involve in SAFE?
Digging in positions
What are the key features of an individual fighting position?
Small, wide enough for shoulders, long enough for entrenching tool, four feet deep to fire step
What is a two-man fighting position?
Two adjacent one-man holes, tank protection if crouched two feet below ground
How is a two-man fighting hole constructed?
Revet sandy soils, parapet three feet thick, half-foot high, berm for elbow rest
What should not be disturbed while digging?
Natural concealment around the position
Who decides the type of fighting hole?
Squad leader, based on strength, fields of fire, sector size, morale
What are the disadvantages of a two-man fighting hole?
Less protection from tanks, strafing, bombing, shell fragments
What are the advantages of a two-man fighting hole?
Continuous observation, mutual assistance, ammo redistribution
How should 782-gear be cleaned?
Scrub lightly, dry in shade, avoid sun or mechanical dryers
How are canteens and cups maintained?
Wash with soapy water, rinse, check for holes/rust
What should be inspected on a flak jacket?
Bunching, tears, weight increase, damaged fasteners, missing laces
How is a flak jacket cleaned?
Brush off dirt, wash, air dry
What should not be done with a helmet?
Heat water, hammer, or dig with it
How is 782-gear silenced?
Tape metal areas, loose straps, noise-making items
How is 782-gear waterproofed?
Use trash/zip lock bags, waterproof bag for sleeping bag
What is the purpose of the Armor Protection Level System?
Enable commanders to tailor protective postures
What is APLS Level 0?
No body armor worn
What is APLS Level 1?
Vest/PC with soft armor only
What is APLS Level 2?
Vest/PC with front and back hard armor plates
What is APLS Level 3?
Vest/PC with front, back, and side hard armor plates
What optional attachments can be worn with body armor?
Helmets, ballistic glasses, groin/neck/throat protection, quad guard
What are the trade-offs of higher APLS levels?
Increased protection, weight, thermal load, reduced mobility
Who directs MARSOC body armor use?
Operational Commander, SOCOM
What is camouflage?
Anything to disguise yourself, equipment, or position
What does cover provide?
Protection from enemy fire and observation
What is concealment?
Anything hiding you from enemy observation, not protection
When is the high crawl used?
When cover/concealment available, visibility poor, speed needed
How is the high crawl performed?
Body off ground, weight on forearms/lower legs, rifle cradled
When is the low crawl used?
Scarce cover, good enemy observation, speed not essential
How is the low crawl executed?
Body flat, rifle on forearm, pull with arms, push with leg
What is the back crawl?
Slide head first on back, push with shoulders/heels
How is a rush performed from prone?
Raise head, select position, spring up, zigzag run
What should you do when hitting the deck?
Stop, drop to knees, fall forward with rifle butt
How is rolling over used in a rush?
Roll after hitting deck to confuse enemy
What is the night walk technique?
Heel down first, lift foot high, toe first, step over obstacles
What determines CASEVAC precedence?
Advice of senior medical person, patient condition, tactical situation
What is Priority 1 - Urgent?
Evacuate within 2 hours to save life, limb, eyesight
What is Priority 1A - Urgent-Surgical?
Requires far forward surgical intervention
What is Priority 2 - Priority?
Evacuate within 4 hours to prevent deterioration
What is Priority 3 - Routine?
Evacuate within 24 hours, condition stable
What is Priority 4 - Convenience?
Evacuation for medical convenience
What factors affect landing zone selection?
Size, obstacle height, helicopter type
What are ideal landing zone locations?
Flat open spaces, hilltops
How should a landing zone be secured?
360-degree perimeter defense
What tools might clear a landing zone?
Chain saws, hatchets, K-bars, entrenching tools, explosives
How is a landing zone marked initially?
Smoke grenade for position and wind direction
What should be communicated to the pilot?
Friendly/enemy positions, situation
How are obstacles marked in a landing zone?
Air panels or colored chemical lights
What is a landing point?
Specific point for one helicopter to land
What is a landing site?
Area within a landing zone for tactical control
How are CASEVAC helicopters typically requested?
Through battalion
What differs in peacetime CASEVAC requests?
Line 6 (wound details), Line 9 (terrain description)
What is the security difference between wartime and peacetime requests?
Peacetime uses clear text, wartime uses secure means
What is Line 1 of a CASEVAC request?
Encrypted grid coordinates of pickup site
What does Line 2 specify?
Radio frequency, call sign, suffix at pickup site
What is Line 3 in a CASEVAC request?
Number of patients by precedence (A-E)
What does Line 4 indicate?
Special equipment needed (e.g., hoist, ventilator)
What is Line 5 of a CASEVAC request?
Number of patients by type
What does Line 6 cover in wartime?
Security of pickup site (N, P, E, X)
What does Line 6 cover in peacetime?
Number and type of wounds, injuries, or illnesses
What is Line 7 of a CASEVAC request?
Method of marking pickup site (e.g., panels, smoke)
What does Line 8 specify?
Patient nationality and status (e.g., U.S. military, EPW)
What is Line 9 in wartime?
NBC contamination (if applicable)
What is Line 9 in peacetime?
Terrain description around landing site
