1.10 pham part 1

Question 1

Pharmacology is the study of the interaction between ______ and _____

Answer 1

drugs, living organisms

Question 2

______ are chemicals not synthesized by the body

Answer 2

xenobiotics

Question 3

why take drugs?

Answer 3

• treatment
• cure
• prevention
• alteration of physical or mental status

Question 4

pharmacodynamics

Answer 4

what drug does to body

Question 5

pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

what body does to drug

Question 6

pharmacovigilance

Answer 6

safety of drug

Question 7

pharmacogenomics

Answer 7

variations in response due to genetic differences

Question 8

3 targets of drug action

Answer 8

1. receptors
2. enzymes
3. chemical/physical agents

Question 9

example of physical/chemical agents

Answer 9

diuretics, antacids

Question 10

protein structure can determine______

Answer 10

specificity

Question 11

the _____ the bond, the longer the reaction

Answer 11

tighter

Question 12

we want most drugs to have ________ bonds

Answer 12

van der Waals

Question 13

4 major types of drug receptors

Answer 13

1. ion channels
2. GPCR
3. enzymatic cytosolic domains
4. intracellular

Question 14

ion channels are also known as ______

Answer 14

ionotropic

Question 15

GPCRs are also known as ______-

Answer 15

metabotropic

Question 16

3 types of transmembrane ion channels

Answer 16

1. ligand gated
2. voltage gated
3. second messenger regulated

Question 17

example of ligand gated receptor

Answer 17

Ach binds to receptors, receptors open and allow Na+ through

Question 18

GPCR basic steps

Answer 18

1. agonist binds
2. GTP-GDP exchange
3. G-protein activation
4. alpha-GTP goes to effector
5. effector activated

Question 19

G-stimulatory activates ______ while G-inhibitory inhibits it

Answer 19

adenylyl cyclase

Question 20

When adenylyl cyclase is activated by a G-protein, it helps to create _____, which in turn makes PKA

Answer 20

cAMP

Question 21

G-protein can activate phospholipase C (PLC) which then cleaves PIP2 into _____ and _____, which activates PKC

Answer 21

DAG, IP3

Question 22

how does a receptor tyrosine kinase work?

Answer 22

1. molecule binds
2. dimerization
3. enzymatic activity

Question 23

transmembrane receptors with enzymatic cytosolic domains can also be:

Answer 23

receptor tyrosine phosphatases
tyrosine kinase-associated receptors
receptor serine/threonine kinases
receptor guanylyl cyclases

Question 24

intracellular receptors cause something to do transcription, meaning it takes ____

Answer 24

longer

Question 25

2 receptors signals can converge, what is the result?

Answer 25

the net result is just whichever signal wins! (faster/more)

Question 26

tachyphylaxis

Answer 26

repeated administration of same dose of a drug results in a reduced effect over time (specific to drug concentration)

Question 27

desensitization

Answer 27

decreased ability of a receptor to respond to stimulation by a drug

Question 28

cells can change how they respond, but drugs can also _____

Answer 28

change how they effect

Question 29

down-regulation

Answer 29

repeated drug interactions result in removal of the receptors