1.2

Question 1

________ & ______ can’t be told apart without a stain

Answer 1

lysosome, peroxisome

Question 2

4 Functions that occur in each cell

Answer 2

synthesize proteins, transform energy, move vesicles and substances, duplicate genetic material

Question 3

_____ is in almost every cell but is specialized in muscle cells

Answer 3

actin

Question 4

2 major cell components

Answer 4

cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 5

what are the membranous cytoplasmic organelles? (8)

Answer 5

plasma membrane, nucleus, ER, golgi, endosomes, vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria peroxisomes

Question 6

Functions of plasma membrane (5)

Answer 6

maintain structural integrity, boundary bw inside and outside, controls substance movement, regulate cell-cell interactions, receptor recognition

Question 7

Rough ER

Answer 7

has ribosomes attached, makes proteins, connected to nucleus

Question 8

smooth ER

Answer 8

no ribosomes attached, makes membrane lipids

Question 9

Golgi apparatus

Answer 9

like the sorting hat, tells proteins where to go, has cis and trans face

Question 10

anterograde transport

Answer 10

towards cis-golgi

Question 11

types of post-translational modification (4)

Answer 11

glycosylation, sulfation, phosphorylation, proteolysis

Question 12

polarization

Answer 12

cells that have apical, basal and lateral plasma membranes. proteins can be sent out of any of these

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

degrade things, have acid hydrolases, ph sensitive mechanisms

Question 14

how do we think lysosomes form?

Answer 14

complex events from late endosomes

Question 15

heterophagic vacuole

Answer 15

contains extracellular material

Question 16

autophagic vacuole

Answer 16

contains intracellular material

Question 17

ALL proteins in lysosomes are made in the RER, stored in the golgi, and contain ______

Answer 17

mannose-6-phosphate

Question 18

peroxisomes

Answer 18

have 40+ oxidative enzymes, catabolize long-chain fatty acids, remove excess hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

chief enzyme in peroxisomes

Answer 19

catalase

Question 20

Mitochondria

Answer 20

generate energy from food, contain DNA, made of outer and inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 21

non-membraneous organelles (4)

Answer 21

microtubules, centrioles, filaments, ribosomes

Question 22

fxn of cytoskeleton

Answer 22

provides structural support, shape and movement ( vesicles, cilia, flagella, entire cells)

Question 23

Microtubules

Answer 23

largest of cytoskeleton, hollow cylinders made of tubulin, polarized

Question 24

microfilaments are highly concentrated in ________

Answer 24

cell cortex

Question 25

intermediate filaments (where/fxn)

Answer 25

found in cytoplasm and nucleus, give mechanical strength, ass with cell jxns

Question 26

Inclusions (3)

Answer 26

non-living, non-membrane bound substances

-Glycogen, pigment granules, liquid droplets