110 - Force Protection

Question 1

Purpose of antiterrorism and force protection

Answer 1

AT is defensive measures used to reduce vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, and to prepare to respond to such attacks if they should occur

FP is security programs designed to protect Service Members, civilian employees, family members, information, equipment through planning/integration of combating terrorism, physical and operations security, and personal protection; supported by intelligence, counterintel, and security programs

Question 2

What is FPCON

Answer 2

DOD-approved system standardizing Department’s identification, recommended preventative actions, and responses to terrorist threats again US personnel and facilities

Question 3

What are the 5 FPCONs and 1 word to describe threat level

Answer 3

Normal - routine
Alpha - possible
Bravo - predicted
Charlie - likely
Delta - imminent

Question 4

FPCON Normal

Answer 4

Routine. General global threat exists and warrants routine security posture
E.g. random inspection of non-routinely used areas, random security spot checks of people/vehicles entering, limited access points

Question 5

FPCON Alpha

Answer 5

Possible. Increased general threat of possible terrorist activity, of unpredictable nature and extent.
E.g. Ensure briefing of personnel and remind to be alert of suspicious activities, increased security spot checks, test mass notification system

Question 6

FPCON Bravo

Answer 6

Predicted. Increased or more predictable threat of terrorist activity. Sustaining Bravo may affect operational capabilities/relations with local authorities.
E.g. enforced control of entry to mission critical infrastructure/lucrative targets/high profile locations with increased security checks of vehicles capable of concealing catastrophic weapons, implement mail-screening procedures, random inspection of food/water, increased security at limited airfield entrances

Question 7

FPCON Charlie

Answer 7

Likely. An incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating action or targeting against personnel or facilities is likely. Prolonged implementation may create hardship.
E.g. Recall all required personnel and review/augment security ROE and SOFAs and weapons in use, limit access point and strictly control entry with random inspections, ensure identities and log entry/exit for all food/water storage areas, close roads to military facilities, review FPCON Delta measures

Question 8

FPCON Delta

Answer 8

Imminent. Applies locally in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred or intelligence is received that one is imminent against specific location or person.
E.g. Search all vehicles prior to allowing entrance to facilities, close all DoD schools and/or escort children to/from as required, restrict all non-essential movement, begin continuous monitoring for CBRN contamination

Question 9

Deadly force

Answer 9

The efforts of an individual used against another to cause death, substantial risk of death, or serious bodily injury

Question 10

Circumstances for using deadly force (7)

Answer 10

1. In self-defense and defense of others
2. In defense of property involving national security
3. In defense of property not involving national security but inherently dangerous to others (weapons, ammunition)
4. To prevent or interrupt serious offenses against persons (murder, arson, armed robbery, aggravated assault, rape)
5. Apprehension or arrest (if necessary to apprehend or prevent escape)
6. Escapes (to prevent escape of a prisoner and believe escapee poses threat to security/law enforcement personnel or others)
7. Lawful order - when directed by competent authority and meets criteria of one of the circumstances above

Question 11

Less than lethal force and examples

Answer 11

Alternatives to firearms, increased use of minimum force, but may still cause death or serious bodily injury

• Handcuffs
• Batons/nightsticks
• Military working dogs (MWDs) (considered a weapon, handler must be sure MWD will stop on command, knows its target, call it off once suspect stops/surrenders, warn bystanders to freeze)
• Show of force

Question 12

Show of force (4)

Answer 12

Shout - verbal warning
Show - show weapon and demonstrate intent
Shove - or other non-deadly means to command compliance
Shoot - to eliminate threat

Question 13

Rear area security as related to FPCON and ROE

Answer 13

Component commander and MAGTF commander responsible for security of their assigned rear areas
E.g.
- Prevent disruption of support operations
- Protect personnel, supplies, equipment, facilities
- Protect lines of communication
- Prevent/minimize disruption of command and control
- Active and passive security measures (to defeat, maintain, and neutralize threat)

Question 14

Examples of active security measures (name 3)

Answer 14

Organizing for defensive operations
Coordination reconnaissance and surveillance
Providing convoy security
Positioning area air defense units
Establishing liaison with fire support organizations
Employing close air support
Establishing reaction forces
Developing defensive plans
Positioning supporting assets
Patrolling
Training in defensive skills

Question 15

Examples of passive security measures (name 3)

Answer 15

Camouflage
Concealment
Dispersion
Cover

Question 16

Camouflage

Answer 16

Deceiving appearance

Question 17

Concealment

Answer 17

Hiding

Question 18

Cover

Answer 18

Protection from injury (e.g. bullets)

Question 19

Types of security operations (name 3)

Answer 19

Populace and resource control operations
Enemy POW operations
Noncombatant evacuation operations
Civilian control operations
Area damage control operations
Combat operations

Question 20

Examples of rear area operations that support security operations (name 3)

Answer 20

Deception operations
Civil affairs operations
CBRN operations
Psychological operations

Question 21

Examples of unit’s SOP anti-terrorism measures

Answer 21

Access control to base with ID verification
Physical base control with fencing
Duty Marine on weapons watch
Rovers and OOD