101 - Navy/USMC History, Customs, Courtesies Flashcards

Question

1950

Answer 1

Response to N Korean forces by assembling First Marine Provisional Brigade from 1st Marine Division, later used to rescue crumbling Pusan perimeter and made amphibious landing over seawalls at Inchon First Marine aviator helicopter flight in battle

Answer 2

Completed reorganization of combat structure of FMF. Units created were equipped to handle atomic and nonatomic warfare. Ability to go where needed, stay there, project power ashore used when landing near Beirut, Lebanon to support its army against internal strife. Withdrawn after a few months.

Answer 3

Marines land in South Vietnam, committing USMC to its longest war in history. Numerous large-scale offensive operations and pacification program to win support of local populace. Also in response to attempted coup of local govt, landed in DR to evacuate and protect US citizens, forming the core of a multinational force that quickly restored the peace

Answer 4

Marines -> Lebanon for multinational peacekeeping force in war-torn country, further displaying concept of "Force in Readiness" On Oct 23, 1983 a suicide truck bomb attach on HQ building killed 241 Americans and wounded 70 others. Last Marine unit withdrew in July 1984

Answer 5

Following assassination of PM and violent overthrow of Grenada govt, Marines participate in Urgent Fury, joint military op, in response to to a request for intervention from neighboring Caribbean nations, leading to securing island and safeguarding hundreds of American citizens living there

Answer 6

In response to increasing unrest in Panama, POTUS ordered joint mil op "Just Cause" to overthrow Panama govt headed by Gen. Manuel Noriega Successful and installed civilian govt, which had been denied office after free elections were illegally declared invalid by Noriega's govt Gen Noriega was indicted, arrested, and sent to US for trial for drug trafficking and racketeering

Answer 7

Following invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi forces, Operation Desert Shield was launched. Designed to hold advance of Iraqi forces and to position multinational forces assembled for possible offensive operations to expel invading force This validated the the MC's Maritime Propositioning Force (MPF) concept and enacted the plan of tailoring units to accomplish mission as part of a MAGTF

Answer 8

Operation Desert Storm launched after Iraqi govt refused to comply with UN resolutions Marine aviation heavily used when air phase commenced in January 1991. When massive bombing failed to dislodge Iraqi forces, Marine ground forces swept into Kuwait and liberated the country, causing severe damage to Iraqi military capability

Answer 9

1stLt O'Bannon remembered for heroism in battle for harbor fortress of Derna (Tripoli) in Mediterranean. His Marines were the first US Forces to hoist the flag over territory in the Old World "Mameluke" sword presented to him in 1805

Answer 10

Brevet Brigadier General who became Commandant in 1820 and held this command until his death in 1859. Led the Corps through the Indian Wars, War with Mexico, "opening" of China, and disorders in Central America. "Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps" introduced higher standard of personal appearance, training, discipline, and strived to have MC known as professional military force capable of more than just sea and guard duties

Answer 11

SgtMaj Quick remembered for performance at Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba), where he participated in an operation to seize an advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines. Won the Medal of Honor for semaphoring for emergency lift of naval bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire. The landing at Gitmo demonstrated usefulness of Marine's as assault troops, giving added strength for capture and defense of advanced bases, becoming primary mission of USMC in 1898.

Answer 12

SgtMaj Daly recognized for earning two MOH's for Chinese Boxer Rebellion and First Caco War in Haiti At Battle of Belleau Wood, when his unit had been pinned down and attack was stopped, he yelled, "Come on, you sons of b------, do you want to live forever?"

Answer 13

Major General recognized for earning two MOH's for Veracruz and First Caco War in Haiti. By the end of 1916, USMC recognized as a national force in readiness and for leadership gained from continual combat and expeditionary experience.

Answer 14

Major General, 13th Commandant of the USMC from 1920-1929. First MC officer ever to command an army division in combat, in France during WWI (1918)

Answer 15

LtGen Puller served in Nicaragua, through several periods of political unrest and rebellious activity. He and about 32 Marines became famous for the ability to engage rebel groups and bandits while in an area of the jungles of Nicaragua to the Honduran border. Became known as the "Tiger of the Mountains" (1930) USMC mascot is a bulldog named Chesty

Answer 16

Captain Foss was a Marine pilot instrumental in taking Japanese airfield at Guadalcanal Awarded MOH By the end of WWII, second-ranking USMC ace with 26 victories (kills) to his credit (1942)

Answer 17

Major Boyington recognized for his prowess in aerial dogfights, commanding VMH-214, the "Black Sheep," during WWII. By the end of WWII, recognized as top-ranking flying ace with 28 victories (kills) (1945)

Answer 18

Fifth Amphibious Corps of Marines (commanded by MajGen Harry Schmidt) assigned to take Iwo Jima. Corporal Hayes, a Pima Indian, immortalized in now famous photograph of second flag raising on Mount Suribachi, shortly after taking Japanese stronghold on 23 Feb 1945

Answer 19

Private Johnson was the USMC's first enlisted woman on 13 Aug 1918. Women officially were titled Marine Reserve (F), better known as "skirt Marines" and "Marinettes"

Answer 20

CWO Grimes was the third black woman to become a Marine and first black woman officer to retire after her "full 20"

Answer 21

Brigadier General Brewer, then a Colonel, served as director of Women Marines (WM) from 1973-1977. 7th and last director of WM, only post-World War woman to hold the position. Became USMC first woman general officer on 11 May 1978.

Answer 22

Monument in New Orleans to women who serve and have served as Marines, dedicated on the USMC birthday in 1943 First statue of a woman in uniform anywhere in the world was Joan D'Arc, in full armor, in Orleans, France

Answer 23

Aug 1814: 103 Marines and 400 Sailors made a vain attempt to block a force of 4000 British troops from advancing on Washington. Stopped 3 headlong charges before being driven back. British then moved down Bladensburg Road to Washington, where they burned several public buildings before retiring to their vessels in the Chesapeake Bay

Answer 24

January 1815, under command of Gen Andrew Jackson, Marines defeated British Forces attacking NOLA. British lost appx 2000 men, American losses <100

Answer 25

During WWI, helped crush a German offensive that threatened Paris. Renamed by French in honor of Marines "the Wood of the Brigade of Marines" Evaluated by German intel as "storm troops" - highest rating on enemy fighting scale In reference to their fighting ability, German troops referred to enemies as "Teufelhunden" or "Devildogs"

Answer 26

1941 following air attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese struck Wake Island on 8 December. Heavily outnumbered but Marines mounted a courageous defense but fell on 23 December. Caused an extraordinary number of Japanese casualties and damage to the invading force

Answer 27

7 August 1942: 1st Marine Division landed on beach of Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands and launched first US land offensive of WWII, marking first combat test of new amphibious doctrine and providing a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands, a crucial turning point in the war. Amphibious landings followed on the remaining Soloman Islands, including New Georgia, Choiseul (Feint), and Bougainville

Answer 28

20 Nov 1943, Marines landed and secured Tarawa Atoll and Betio Island within 76 hours but paid a heavy price due to extended reef preventing landing craft from crossing it, leading to casualties by drowning and enemy fire. Gilbert Islands in Central Pacific - Japanese commander proclaimed it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer it

Answer 29

June and July 1943 - airfields needed by Air Force and advanced bases needed for Navy, so Marines invaded islands of Saipan, Guam, and Tinian LtGen Holland M. Smith led combined invasion force of Marines and soldiers numbering over 136,000, the greatest number of troops up to that time to operate in the field under Marine command

Answer 30

19 Feb 1945 - largest all-Marine battle in history and bloodiest Marine battle in history with over 23,300 casualties Increased air support and bombing operations against Japanese home islands Admiral Chester W. Nimitz: "among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common virtue"

Answer 31

April 1945 - Marines and soldiers land and secured Okinawa Island, marking last large action of WWII Due to death of Army commander, MajGen Roy S. Geiger assumed command of 10th Army and became only Marine officer ever to have commanded a field army

Answer 32

November 1950 - after pushing into N Korea, cut off after Chinese Communist Forces entered the war. In march from Chosin Reservoir, the Marines defeated 7 enemy divisions (of 10 sent to annihilate them). Major significance: during this battle, the Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated wounded and dead, and maintained tactical integrity

Answer 33

January 1968 - defended firebase as Khe Sanh from attack force of two North Vietnamese Army divisions and held out over 2.5 months before finally forcing enemy forces to withdraw

Answer 34

January 1968 - during Vietnamese holiday of Tet, Communist forces launched a surprise offensive by infiltrating large numbers of troops into major population centers of Hue City, South Vietnam. Near division-sized unit of N Vietnamese Army troops occupied Hue City and the Citadel. First battle in built-up areas since Korean War, foregoing heavy arms to minimize civilian casualties, with house-to-house fighting with slow progress measured in yards. City secured on 25 February 1968.

Answer 35

1942-1949, nearly 20k African-American men came to Montford Pt Camp in Jacksonville, NC Trained separately, but served in battle, providing supplies and evacuating casualties Battles including Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa Many went on to hold prominent positions in society after service Legacy of courage, perseverance, and overcoming adversity

Answer 36

1942-1945, 375-420 trained Navajos Code that Japanese never broke, understood by fewer than 30 non-Navajos at outbreak of WWII First group at Camp Pendleton, CA created the code Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Peleliu, Iwo Jima (given credit for this victory)

Answer 37

``` Since August 13, 1918 - Opha Mae Johnson First only clerical workers Feb 1943 - MC Women's Reserve June 12, 1948 - Women's Armed Services Integration Act by Congress - permanent part of regular USMC As of 2012, >7% of USMC were women ```

Answer 38

Pvt Opha Mae Johnson - first woman to enlist in USMC-R

Answer 39

Captain Anne Lentz - first commissioned officer | Private Lucille McClarren - first enlisted woman

Answer 40

Women's Armed Services Integration Act authorized 100 officers, 10 warrant officers, 1000 enlisted gradually over 2 years First 8 enlisted women sworn in as regular Marines

Answer 41

First black female Marines enlisted

Answer 42

First woman Marine E-9: MGySgt Geraldine M. Moran

Answer 43

First woman to E-9: SgtMaj Bertha Peters Billeb

Answer 44

Col Margaret A. Brewer becomes first female general

Answer 45

LtGen Carol Mutter becomes first 3-star general in US Armed Forces as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower and Reserve Affairs at HQMC in DC

Answer 46

Red stripe, first in 1798, first as fashion, but stated to commemorate blood shed in Battle of Chapultepec

Answer 47

Interwoven braid in cross of figure eights on top of Marine officer barracks covers 1859 - first as fashion, may have been worn so sharpshooters could identify the Marines from above

Answer 48

Association began in early 19th century "Mamelukes" were elite Muslim military force from NE Africa, used a sword with gold hilt, ivory handle, curved blade Tradition states it was presented to Lt Presley O'Bannon after Tripoli by Prince Hamet Bey

Answer 49

Only NCOs in US armed forces to wear a sword, second oldest US weapon still in use to Mameluke sword Part of "esprit de corps"

Answer 50

Senior unit award, first collective award, won by Marines | Worn by 5th and 6th Regiment for having earned Croix de Guerre with palm leaf three times during WWI

Answer 51

Colors/standards - each arm/branch has its own colors. USMC is scarlet with gold trim, emblem centered. Organizational standards/colors - carried by supporting establishment commands and says United States Marine Corps Battle colors/standards - Carried by FMF units with unit name and FMF, battle streamers awarded to unit are displayed just below mast head

Answer 52

Small rectangular flags made in USMC colors, for companies, batteries, or detachments

Answer 53

Will be celebrated on Saturday preceding, as able, within financial and condition limitations Troop formations/parades, reading of General John A. Lejeune's birthday message Birthday ball with cake cutting ceremony - first piece of cake to the oldest Marine present, second to the youngest