11. Trends in the UK

Question 1

What is the population of the UK in 2020, 2021?

Answer 1

2020 - 63 million
2021 - 67 million

Question 2

What does Birth Rate mean

Answer 2

the number of live births per thousand of the total population in a given year

Question 3

What does Total fertility Rate mean

Answer 3

the total number of children a women is likely to have during her child bearing years

Question 4

What was the raw number of births in 2010, 2021, 2025

Answer 4

2010 - 723,165
2021 - 624,828
2025 - 664,400 (guess)

Question 5

What is the birth rate in 1901, 2012, 2021 and 2025?

Answer 5

1901 - 29
2012 - 13
2021 - 10.4
2025 - 11.075

Question 6

What is the Total Fertility Rate in 1901, 2012, 2021, 2025?

Answer 6

1901 - 3.5
2012 - 1.92
2021 - 1.49
2025 - 1.42

Question 7

How many people in England in 2011 and 2021?

Answer 7

2011- 53.1 million
2021- 56.5 million

Question 8

What is the UK population by ethnicity from the 2021 census?

Answer 8

White british - 81.7%
Asian british - 9.3%
Black British- 4%
Mixed- 2.9%

Question 9

Where has been the most significant UK fertility rate decrease?

Answer 9

2011-2021.
lowest in 2021

Question 10

Where are the spikes in live births?

Answer 10

When the world wars end, baby booms to repopulate the country

Question 11

When are there troughs in live births?

Answer 11

economic recession so people have less children due to finances

Question 12

Has total fertility rate increased or decreased in the last 8 years?

Answer 12

decreased for 5th consecutive year
2025 - 1.42
2017 - 1.81

Question 13

Are first time mothers getting older or younger?

Answer 13

older
2025- 30.5
2022- 29.2
2019- 28.9
1999- 26.4
1971- 23.7

Question 14

Are parents married or not?

Answer 14

2025, 51% babies born to unmarried parents
2017, 51.9% born to married parents
67.3% unmarried but live together

Question 15

How many babies born to mothers not from the UK?

Answer 15

31.8% born to non UK born mothers
2025 - 37.3%
2017 - 28.4%
1990 - 11.6%

Question 16

Is birth rate falling or rising?

Answer 16

2025- 11.075
2017- 11.7
rising in the UK alone
falling compared to other UK countries

Question 17

What was average family size in 1900 and 2012?

Answer 17

6 children, with more who died
2012- 1.7 children

Question 18

What was average household size in 1900 and 2014?

Answer 18

1900- 4.6 people
2014- 2.4 people

Question 19

What is the general trend for family size?

Answer 19

Smaller families, more lone parents and people living alone

Question 20

What did Pew Research find about Muslim familied

Answer 20

due to triple in 30 years
rise to 50 million by 2050

Question 21

How many children do muslim and non muslim women have on average?

Answer 21

Muslim- 2.9
Non-Muslim- 1.8

Question 22

Why are Muslim families going to triple in 20 years

Answer 22

less likely to divorce, stronger ties to extended family
more likely to have born biological parents

Question 23

Why is there a decline in the average family size?

Answer 23

changing position of women
declining infant mortality rate
geographically mobile workforce
contraception
compulsory education
rising cost of children
changing values

Question 24

Why is contraception causing a decline in average family size?

Answer 24

family planning is easier to control
safer, cheaper, better attitudes etc
growing secularisation has lead to the Abortion Act 1967

Question 25

Why is Compulsory education causing a decline in average family size?

Answer 25

1880 became compulsory children are not economic assets economic liability and drain parents resources

Question 26

Why is Changing values causing a decline in average family size?

Answer 26

pressure of being a parent is life long commitment sacrifice consumer goods etc

Question 27

Why is Changing values causing a decline in average family size according to Beck and Beck-Gernsheim?

Answer 27

growing individualism and feminism, women want more from life than motherhood couples develop in consumerist age, less likely to want children.

Question 28

Why is a geographically mobile workforce causing a decline in average family size?

Answer 28

contemporary society may encourage smaller families, so you can pack up and move elsewhere easily

Question 29

Why is Declining infant mortality rate causing a decline in average family size?

Answer 29

past, many children to ensure some survived to care for them in old age Now no need for security of children, old age goes to live with specialists

Question 30

Why is the changing position of women causing a decline in average family size?

Answer 30

equal status, and more employment opportunities different priorities- pursue further education childcare responsibilities etc decline in fertility rate for under 30a, increase in 35-40. nearly 25% women born 1973 expect to be childless age 45

Question 31

How does lower death rate due to better healthcare effect the familiy?

Answer 31

more expensive to pay larger extended family ageing populations

Question 32

How does better access and quality of birth control effect the family?

Answer 32

smaller families choose when to have children- be financially stable etc mothers live one after birth

Question 33

How does women having children later effect the family?

Answer 33

fewer children, more IVF careers and economic development come first

Question 34

How does globalisation and greater geographical mobility effect the family?

Answer 34

more ethnic diversity in corporate lower divorce rate less divorce in ethnic marriages