10. Death Rate and Life Expectancy Flashcards
How many deaths in 2009, 2021 and 2020?
2009 - 491348
2020 - 689629
2021 - 667479
What is Death rate/ mortality rate
The number of deaths per 1000 of the population
What was the Death rate in 1902, 2012, 2020, 2025?
1902 - 18
2012 - 9
2020 - 10.3
2025 - 10.3
What is Infant Mortality Rate?
the number of deaths of babies in their first year of life per 1,000 live births a year
What was Infant mortality rate in 1902, 2012, 2024?
1902 - 142
2012 - 4
2024 - 3.9
What are the trends for UK death rate from 1901-2009?
generally decreasing as health care increases, we live longer etc
Where are the peaks and troughs for UK death rate from 1901-2009?
1914-18 WW1 men going to war
1939-45 WW2 men and women at war
1918 Spanish influenza
Why are there peaks and troughs at these times?
wars, COVID, disease, infections etc
What was the Spanish Influenza of 1918-1920?
500 million infected, 50-100 million deaths
virus spread via respiratory disease straight after WW1
A lines virus
affected young healthy adults
What was COVID of 2020-2023
infected 700 million people
6.8 million deaths
deadly for adults and elderly
Age 20-34 what is the leading cause of death for men and women?
women - self harm/accidental death 18.4%
men - self harm/accidental death 25.7%
Age 35-49 what is the leading cause of death for men and women?
women - breast cancer 10.8%
men - accidental poisoning 12.8%
Age 50-64 what is the leading cause of death for men and women?
women - breast cancer 8.7%
men - heart disease 18.3%
Age 65-79 what is the leading cause of death for men and women?
women - lung cancer 9.3%
men - heart disease 15.4%
Age 80+ what is the leading cause of death for men and women?
women - dementia and Alzheimer 13.4%
men - dementia and alzheimers 21.4%
Why had there been a decline in death rate?
higher living standards
health education
improved hygiene, sanitation and medicine
improved working conditions
public health and welfare
How has ‘higher living standards’ made death rate fall
McKeown 1976
higher wages, better food
more amenities and appliances in the home
improved housing conditions
improved transport and food technology gives wider range of nutrition available with fresh fruit and veg available all year round
How has ‘Health education’ made death rate fall
growing awareness of nutrition and health
public are better informed, better hygienically, public law maintains it
Netdoctor and Patient.co.uk provide guidance on ill health and promotes benefits of exercise, give up smoking etc.
How has ‘Improved hygiene, sanitation and medicine’ made death rate fall
construction of public sewer systems, clean running water
eradicated killer diseases like cholera, diphtheria, typhoid etc
advance in medicine and science, like penicillin, antibiotics and transplant surgery.
used to be high DR in kids, now it rises as you age. major killers are cancer
How has ‘Improved Working Conditions’ made death rate fall
Technology has replaced health dangerous tasks with machinery
higher standards of health and safety at work, shorter hours, more leisure have all reduced health risks
How has ‘Public health and welfare’ made death rate fall
increase in state intervention since NHS in 1948
free healthcare with better antenatal and postnatal care. childbirth is safer now, decreasing infant mortality rate.
home help for elderly, residential care homes etc
How old are men and women expected to live to in 2025
men - 79.2
women 82.9
How old are men and women expected to live to in 1900
men - 47
women - 50
What is the north south divide
In Glasgow, your life expectancy is 71-78
If you live in Kensington and Chelsea, it is 85-89
