11. the gait cycle Flashcards
1
Q
what is locomotion
A
movement
2
Q
the two phases of gait cycle
A
stance phase
swing phase
3
Q
4 phases of the stance phase
A
- heel strike
- loading response (foot flat)
- midstance
- preswing (toe off)
4
Q
phases of swing
A
- initial swing
- midswing
- terminal swing
5
Q
mechanical and muscles active in heel strike
A
- lower forefoot to ground- ankle dorsiflexors- Tib A
- continue deceleration- hip extensors- gluteus max
- preserve longitudinal arches- intrinsic foot muscles, tendons of food (TA)
6
Q
mechanical and muscle active in loading response
A
- accept weight- knee extensors- quadriceps
- decelerate mass (slow dorsiflexion)- ankle plantarflexors- triceps surae
- stabilise pelvis- hip abductors- glut medius, tensor fascaie lata
- preserve longitudinal arch- intrinsic muscles of foot, long tendons- TA
7
Q
mechanical and muscle active in midstance
A
- stabilise knee- knee extensors- quadriceps
- control dorsiflexion- ankle plantarflexors (eccentric)
- stabilise pelvis- hip abductors
- preserve longitudinal arches
8
Q
mechanical and muscle active pre swing
A
- accelerate mass- flexors of digits (hallucis longus, digitorum longus)
- preserve arches of foot (fix forefoot)
- decelerate thigh: prepare for swing- hip flexors- iliopsoas, rectus femoris
9
Q
mechanical and muscle active in initial swing and midswing
A
- accelerate thigh, vary cadence- flexor of hip concentric
- clear foot- ankle dorsiflexors
- midswing- clear foot
10
Q
mechanical and muscle active in terminal swing
A
- decelerate thigh- hip extensors (eccentric)- glut max, hamstings
- decelerate leg- knee flexors (eccentric)- hamstrings
- position foot- ankle dorsiflexors
- extend knee to place foot, prepare for contact- knee extensors
11
Q
what joint is the ankle? and what joint is the talus
A
talocrural
mortoise on talus
12
Q
what happens to the joints of the foot when load is applied?
A
deformation, then reversed
