1.1 The Diversity of Cells

Question 1

in biology, the smallest unit that can perform the processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytiplasm

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

a phospholipid layer that covers the cell’s surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment

Answer 2

cell membrane

Question 3

one of the smallest bodies in a cell’s cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function

Answer 3

organelle

Question 4

in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and that has a role in processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus

Answer 5

prokaryote

Question 6

an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane; these include animals, plants and fungi, but not archeabacteria or eubacteria

Answer 6

eukaryote

Question 7

word that means little animals

Answer 7

animalcules

Question 8

theory that states all organisms are made of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of all living things, and all cells come from existing cells

Answer 8

cell theory

Question 9

the ratio of the cell’s outer surface area to the cell’s volume surface area
———————-
volume

Answer 9

surface area to volume ratio

Question 10

fluid and all of its contents in a cell

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

cells that have a nucleus

Answer 11

euarytic

Question 12

the two groups prokaryotic cells are classifies into

Answer 12

eubacteria and archaebacteria

Question 13

tiny, round organelles made of protein and other materials

Answer 13

ribosomes

Question 14

another name for archeabacteria

Answer 14

archaea

Question 15

three types of archeabacteria

Answer 15

heart-loving, salt-loving, and methane-loving

Question 16

heart-loving and salt-loving archeabacteria are sometimes called this

Answer 16

extremophiles

Question 17

many eukaryotes are called this

Answer 17

multicelluar

Question 18

the genetic material that carries information needed to make new cells and new organisms

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

cells with no nucleus

Answer 19

prokaryotic

Question 20

Schleiden

Answer 20

concluded that all plant parts were made of cells

Question 21

Virchow

Answer 21

concluded that all cells came from existing cells

Question 22

Hooke

Answer 22

the first person to describe cells

Question 23

Leeuwenhoek

Answer 23

discovered single-celled organisms

Question 24

Schwann

Answer 24

concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells