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PE > 1.1 The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

1.1 The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Myogenic

A

Capacity of heart to generate its own impulses

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2
Q

Sinoatrial node (SAN or SA node)

A

Small mass of cardiac muscle

In wall of right atrium that generates the heartbeat

Known as the pacemaker

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3
Q

Atrioventricular node (AVN or AV node)

A

Relays on the impulse between the upper and lower sections of the heart

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4
Q

Systole

A

Heart contracting

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5
Q

Bundle of HIS

A

Collection of heart muscle cells

Transmit electrical impulses from the AVN via bundle branches to the ventricles

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6
Q

Purkinje fibres

A

Muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of the ventricles

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7
Q

Sympathetic system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system

Speeds up heart rate

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8
Q

Parasympathetic system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system

Decreases heart rate

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9
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Most importent part of brain

Regulates processes such as breathing and heart rate

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10
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Tiny structures in carotid arteries and aortic arch

Detect changes in the blood acidity caused by an increase or decrease in conc of C02

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11
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Special sensors in tissues in the aortic arch, carotid sinus, heart and pulmonary vessels

Respond to changes in the blood pressure to either increase or decrease heart rate

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12
Q

Proprioceptrors

A

Sensory nerve endings in muscles, tendons and joints

Detect changes in muscle movement

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13
Q

Adrenaline

A

Stress hormone that is released by sympathetic nerves and cardiac nerve

During exercise which causes an increase in heart rate

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14
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction

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15
Q

Diastole phase

A

Heart relaxing to fill with blood

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16
Q

Ejection fraction

A

Percentage of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat

17
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles per minute

18
Q

Cardiac hypertrophy

A

Thickening of the muscular wall of heart so it becomes bigger and stronger

Mean larger ventricular cavity

19
Q

Bradycardia

A

Decrease in resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute

20
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

When arteries harden and narrow as they become clogged up by fatty deposits

21
Q

Atheroma

A

Fatty deposits found in the inner lining of an artery

22
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through the coronary arteries to the muscles

Become restricted

23
Q

Stroke

A

When blood supply to the brain is cut off

24
Q

Disability

A

Physical, sensory or mental impairment

Effects performance

25
Q

Steady state

A

Athlete is able to meet oxygen demand with the oxygen supply

26
Q

Blood pressure

A

Force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall

27
Q

Systolic pressure

A

Pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting

28
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

Pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing

29
Q

Venous return

A

Return of blood to the right side of the heart

Via the vena cava

30
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid part of blood ( mainly water )

Transports blood cells

31
Q

Haemoglobin

A

Iron containing pigment found in red blood cells

Combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin

32
Q

Myoglobin

A

Iron containing muscle pigment in slow twitch muscle fibres

Has higher affinity for O2 than haemoglobin

Stores O2 in muscle so can be used quickly when exercise begins

33
Q

Mitochondria

A

Where respiration and energy production occur

34
Q

Bohr shift

A

Increase in blood CO2 and decrease in pH Results in less affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

35
Q

PH

A

Measure of acidity

Less than 7 equals acidity

36
Q

Vascular shunt mechanism

A

Redistribution of cardiac output

37
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of the blood vessels to increase the flow of blood into the capillaries

38
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce blood flow into the capillaries

39
Q

Arterio-venous difference

A

Difference between O2 in the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving the muscles

PE (15 decks)

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