11. Other Studies

Question 1

What is a systematic review?

Answer 1

Exhaustive summary of the medical literature that uses explicit methods to systematically search, critically appraise, and synthesize literature on a specific issue. Uses appropriate statistical techniques to combine valid studies.

Question 2

Why is a systematic review used?

Answer 2

Goal is to minimize both bias and random error.

Question 3

Which database is the strongest?

Answer 3

Cochrine

Question 4

Define numbers needed to treat (NNT)

Answer 4

of patients who need to be treated for ONE patient to get benefit

Question 5

Define numbers needed to harm (NNH)

Answer 5

patients who must undergo experimental treatment in order for one additional patient to be harmed

Question 6

Define relative risk reduction (RRR)

Answer 6

Proportion (%) by whichthe intervention reduces the event rate

Question 7

Define absolute risk reduction (ARR)

Answer 7

Difference (subtraction) between the event rate in the intervention group & that in the control group

Question 8

Describe “Meta-analysis”

Answer 8

Attempts to combine many studies; is more objective in reviewing these than a clinical review. Applied statistical techniques to QUANTITATIVELY COMBINE SELECTED STUDIES. Helps remove random error and bias.