03. Clinical Epidemiology

Question 1

Health-related state

Answer 1

Ongoing condition (i.e. Diabetes, asthma, epilepsy, level of fitness)

Question 2

Health-related event

Answer 2

Point data/injury (i.e. AbNLblood sugar test; episode of SOB; Head trauma; visit to the gym)

Question 3

Define/describe “proportions”

Answer 3

Ratio in which the numerator is also included in the denominator; (i.e. Prevalence; risk)

Question 4

Define/describe “rates”

Answer 4

Measure of how quickly something of interest happens; Denominator is “persons/year” (i.e. incidence); Captures changes accounting for a dynamic population over varying amounts of time

Question 5

Define/describe “risk”

Answer 5

Probability that an event will occur; Good for fixed populations & fixed time; A proportion; [# new cases / # susceptible persons at the beginning of a given time period]. Incidence, susceptible population and time frame must be specified

Question 6

Define/describe “incidence”

Answer 6

Input flowof new disease cases into the pool; The probability of the occurrence of new disease: [the number of new cases of a disease / total at-risk population]

Question 7

Define/describe “prevalence”

Answer 7

Pool of disease in a population; Measures the number of EXISTING cases of a disease at a particular point in tie or over a period of time; Prevalence = Incidence X duration

Question 8

Define/describe “point prevalence”

Answer 8

Often just referred to as “prevalence”; % of the population (proportion) that has existing cases of the disease at a GIVEN POINT IN TIME

Question 9

Define/describe “period prevalence”

Answer 9

Proportion of the population (%) with a given disease DURING A SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME

Question 10

Endemic

Answer 10

Usual presence of a disease within a given population

Question 11

Epidemic

Answer 11

Occurrence of a disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a defined community or region

Question 12

Pandemic

Answer 12

Worldwide epidemic